WALTER J. CASS & others [Note 1] vs. BOARD OF APPEAL OF FALL RIVER [Note 2] & others.

GOODMAN, J. This bill in equity was brought to annul the decision of the board of appeal of Fall River (the board) granting a variance to allow the construction of an apartment complex on a parcel of land (the locus) zoned to permit no more than three-family residences. The locus is roughly rectangular with the southwest corner excluded. It is undeveloped and contains about 95,693 square feet. [Note 3] It is bounded on the west by North Main Street, and its northern boundary runs about 680 feet eastward toward Ling Street. Its eastern boundary measures about 150 feet. Parallel to the locus are Dewey Street to the north and Wilson Road to the south. It appears that the back yards of houses on those streets abut the locus. The proposed apartment complex is a development of forty-five apartments containing two-, three-, four-, and five-bedroom units, approved and financed by the United States Department of Housing and Urban Development, upon application by the fall River Housing Authority. The housing authority has contracted for its construction, and upon completion it is to be turned over to and operated by the authority.

The Superior Court upheld the variance, and the plaintiffs appealed. The evidence is reported, and the trial judge took a view. He adopted his voluntary findings as his report of material facts.

Page 557

Neither the board's decision nor the facts found by the trial court yield an adequate basis for the grant of a variance as required by G. L. c. 40A, Section 15, par. 3. [Note 4] The most obvious deficiency in the board's decision is the lack of a finding of "conditions especially affecting such parcel . . . but not affecting generally the zoning district in which it is located," such that "substantial hardship, financial or otherwise to the appellant" is involved. Indeed, the board's only finding of a hardship is "that hardship exists in that there is a shortage of housing units for large families." This is obviously not a "hardship, financial or otherwise to the appellant" seeking a variance before the board -- in this case the developer of the parcel. It would serve no useful purpose here to analyze further the board's decision to see whether its findings can somehow be said to include more than approximations of the words of the other requirements of the statute. See Wolfson v. Sun Oil Co. 357 Mass. 87, 89 (1970). "[A] decision of the board of appeals granting a variance cannot stand unless the board specifically finds that each statutory requirement has been met" (emphasis supplied). Planning Bd. of Springfield v. Board of Appeals of Springfield, 355 Mass. 460, 462 (1969).

Page 558

The findings of the trial judge are also inadequate to sustain the variance. [Note 5] The trial court found that "[t]he composition of the soil in the area is such that only single dwelling [sic] could be built on it. Because of the moist texture of it the cost of an adequate protection against this moisture and other elements would make the cost of a single dwelling prohibitive. A small brook runs through the area with the water sometimes rising to six inches in depth." He also found that "[b]ecause of the texture of the soil it would be practically unfeasible to build single family dwellings on it . . .." However, we have found nothing in the evidence to support the finding that only single family houses can be built on the locus, and neither the finding nor the evidence addresses itself adequately to the feasibility (economic or otherwise) of building two- or three-family house, which are permitted in the zoning district. For this reason alone, the defendants have not made out a case of hardship before the Superior Court.

Page 559

Further, even if the evidence with reference to the building of single family houses could somehow be extrapolated to apply to two- and three-family houses, there still remains the difficulty that the trial judge, like the board, made no finding that the conditions which he enumerated "especially affected" the locus without "affecting generally the zoning district." Nor can we supply this finding. See Hunt v. Milton Sav. Bank, ante, 133, 138, 139 (1974). There is nothing in the evidence to show that the slope, the brook, and the soil conditions are peculiar to the locus. Indeed, such evidence as there is points the other way. There was further testimony (though the defendants do not refer to it in their brief) which would indicate that the increased expense in preparing the site due to these conditions might be aggravated by the long, narrow shape of the parcel and the requirement of a 600-foot road, 40 feet wide. However, there was testimony indicating that there is other undeveloped land in the area, and there is nothing from which we can infer that the impact of the road requirement would not be substantially the same on other vacant land. Bicknell Realty Co. v. Board of Appeal of Boston, 330 Mass. 676, 680 (1953). Zinck v. Zoning Bd. of Appeals of Framingham, 345 Mass. 394, 395 (1963). Contrast Josephs v. Board of Appeals of Brookline, 362 Mass. 290, 292-293 (1972).

Also, the court made no finding that the variance could be issued without "substantial detriment to the public good" and without derogating from the "intent or purpose of the ordinance." While a finding that there was a housing shortage might well support a finding that the variance was not detrimental to the public good (see Lamarre v. Commissioner of Pub. Works of Fall River, 324 Mass. 542, 545 [1949]; Broderick v. Board of Appeal of Boston, 361 Mass. 472, 478, 479 [1972]; Board of Appeals of Hanover v. Housing Appeals Comm. in the Dept. of Community Affairs, 363 Mass. 339, 361-363 [1973]), there was a dispute in the evidence as to such

Page 560

relevant factors as the adequacy of parking facilities, play areas for children, and the effect on property values. Kairis v. Board of Appeal of Cambridge, 337 Mass. 528, 530, 531 (1958). Cary v. Board of Appeals of Worcester, 340 Mass. 748, 751-752 (1960). See Rodenstein v. Board of Appeal of Boston, 337 Mass. 333, 335-336 (1958). Moreover, while the complainants were owners of single family houses, the effect of this development must be compared with the effect of three-family houses permitted in the area on lots of 4,500 feet. We note that the trial judge made a finding that "[t]he forty five units would be separate dwellings in effect apart from each other, but nevertheless under a common roof . . .." However, the development is not described substantially beyond this in the evidence before the court.

A majority of the entire court (Rule 1:18 of the Appeals Court, 1 Mass. App. Ct. 892 [1974]) would annul the decision of the Board without more. The writer of this opinion, joined by Justice Keville, on this record would ordinarily be inclined to the same disposition. However, the writer and Justice Keville consider that there is a possibility that in such event the city of Fall River may lose considerable funds allocated to it by the Department of Housing and Urban Development for low-cost housing, of which the city may be in need. Under the circumstances it is submitted with respect that "[m]erely to set aside the board's decision will not deal with the case adequately." Kelloway v. Board of Appeal of Melrose, 361 Mass. 249, 254, 256 (1972). Since this was tried, the Supreme Judicial Court has decided Board of Appeals of Hanover v. Housing Appeals Comm. in the Dept. of Community Affairs, 363 Mass. 339 (1973), which held that G. L. c. 40B, Sections 20-23, inserted by St. 1969, c. 774, Section 1, is a "grant of power to boards of appeals . . . to override local zoning ordinances or by-laws [after a hearing to which "the provisions of Section 17 of c. 40A shall apply." G. L. c. 40B, Section 21] which would otherwise frustrate the statute's objective of providing for the critical regional

Page 561

need for low and moderate income housing" (p. 360; see pp. 347, 355; see also Mahoney v. Board of Appeals of Winchester, 366 Mass. 228, 233 [1974]). [Note 6] The proposed development appears from the decision of the board to be a "`turnkey' program where a private builder constructs the desired housing and then sells or leases it to a housing authority" and would seem to qualify under G. L. c. 40B, Sections 20-23. The Hanover case, supra, at 368, fn. 20. We note from the decision of the board that the housing authority wrote to it "saying these units are badly needed and requesting approval of the variances" [Note 7] and that the board found that "there is a shortage of housing units for large families." The board should thus be given an opportunity to consider this development under G. L. c. 40B, Sections 20-23, assuming, as appears likely, that the housing authority would appear in the proceeding as an applicant, as it may do under G. L. c. 40B, Section 21. The Hanover case, supra, at 368, fn. 20.

Accordingly, the writer and Justice Keville would reverse the decision of the Superior Court but require that the case be remanded to the board for appropriate action consistent with this opinion including proceedings under G. L. c. 40B, Section 21, on such application, if any, as the housing authority or other public agency (G. L. c. 40B, Section 20) may choose to file and require further that the Superior Court retain jurisdiction of this case for at least six months before annulling the decision of the board. See Williams v. Building Commr. of Boston, 1 Mass. App. Ct. 478, 481 (1973). See also Kelloway v. Board of Appeal of Melrose, 361 Mass. 249, 257 (1972);

Page 562

Pioneer Home Sponsors, Inc. v. Board of Appeals of Northampton, 1 Mass. App. Ct. 830, 831 (1973).

In accordance with the view of the majority, the decree of the Superior Court is reversed and a decree is to be entered that the decision of the board of appeal was in excess of its authority and is annulled.

So ordered.