JOSEPH M. EDINBURG vs. DOROTHY B. EDINBURG.

GREANEY, C.J. This is the second appeal in the Edinburg cases. It concerns Dorothy B. Edinburg's obligation to pay an award of counsel fees to Mr. Lawrence T. Perera, the lawyer for her husband, Joseph M. Edinburg, after the divorce proceedings

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that gave rise to the award had abated by reason of Joseph's death. [Note 1]

After thirty-four years of marriage, the Edinburgs filed cross complaints for divorce in early 1981. In addition to her complaint for divorce, Dorothy filed a series of companion actions against Joseph, his sister, and several others. The multiplicity of litigation reflected a state of marital war between Dorothy and Joseph. The divorce actions, along with all the other pending litigation, were consolidated and transferred for hearing and decision to a probate judge of the Middlesex Division, as has been discussed in Pinkowitz v. Edinburg, ante 180 (1986). Mr. Perera served as Joseph's counsel in each of the actions.

It is not substantially disputed that by September 30, 1982, Mr. Perera, other counsel, and paralegals from his law firm had spent over 870 hours prosecuting and defending Joseph's interests in the divorce actions. Like the remainder of the litigation, the divorce proceedings were particularly bitter and were protracted because Dorothy controlled a great deal of wealth (she estimated her assets at $1,900,000, exclusive of real estate and art works later valued at over $4,500,000). [Note 2] Dorothy gave strong indication that she intended to resist vigorously any substantial division of her property with Joseph under G. L. c. 208, Section 34.

A central issue in the divorce proceedings became the identification, ownership, and valuation of the family art collection that was in Dorothy's possession. Extensive discovery was conducted with respect to the collection. During the discovery

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proceedings, Dorothy claimed that numerous works of art no longer belonged to her because she had sold them or given them as gifts to three irrevocable trusts that she had previously established for the benefit of the parties' three children. The controversy over the ownership of the art work, and other matters involved in the divorce, continued unabated until Joseph's death on February 16, 1983. [Note 3]

By September 30, 1982, Joseph had incurred obligations in excess of $60,000 for counsel fees and expenses to Mr. Perera and his firm for his and his firm's work on the divorce actions. The lion's share of these fees was attributable to the battle over the art works. [Note 4] Joseph had been able to pay only $15,000 toward satisfaction of his counsel fees and expenses. [Note 5] By September 30, 1982, Dorothy had paid $75,000 to her counsel (the Boston law firm of McGrath and Kane, as it was known at that time) for that firm's legal work. She was continuing to pay almost $2,300 each week to press her divorce case and the other actions against Joseph. [Note 6]

On October 19, 1982, Joseph filed a motion under G. L. c. 208, Section 38, for an award of counsel fees to enable him to prosecute and defend the divorce actions. [Note 7] The judge declined

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to act on the motion as framed under Section 38, and suggested that it be renewed under G. L. c. 208, Section 17. [Note 8] On November 20, 1982, a new motion, drawn under Section 17, was filed. The motion was accompanied by a twenty-page affidavit of Mr. Perera detailing his and his firm's legal work and requesting the payment by Dorothy of approximately $90,000 in counsel fees.

A hearing on the motion was held on December 29, 1982. Dorothy's counsel did not press his request for an evidentiary hearing, and the matter was presented to the judge solely on arguments and representations of counsel, Mr. Perera's affidavit of time and charges, and memoranda of law. A major portion of the discussion at the hearing focused on the amounts already owed by Joseph to Mr. Perera for legal services rendered to date.

On the same day, the judge ruled that, in view of the substantial disparity of assets and available income, it would be unfair to deny an award of counsel fees to Mr. Perera. With reference to the pending litigation, the judge noted during the hearing that "I'm holding him [Mr. Perera] hostage because . . . he couldn't get out of this case if he wanted to" and later commented that "[c]ounsel for Joseph M. Edinburg cannot get out of the cases and has and will continue to expend considerable time and effort in the future prosecution of these cases that his client cannot compensate him for at this time." The judge then ordered Dorothy to pay $35,000 directly to Mr. Perera for Joseph's counsel fees. [Note 9] Dorothy's counsel requested on her

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behalf thirty days within which to pay the sum; the judge allowed the extension. [Note 10]

When payment had not been made by January 29, 1983, Joseph filed a complaint for contempt, which was returnable before the judge on February 16, 1983. On February 16th, with Mr. Perera present, Dorothy's counsel asked for and received a two-day continuance. [Note 11] However, before the continuance was granted, Mr. Perera orally outlined facts to the judge sufficient to make out a prima facie case against Dorothy on the contempt complaint. Dorothy's counsel did not dispute these representations. That night Joseph died. [Note 12]

On March 31, 1983, the judge heard argument and received memoranda of law on the effect of Joseph's death on the outstanding counsel fees order against Dorothy. On April 6, 1983, the judge entered an order directing that Dorothy pay the award as ordered. The judge noted that the value of the services actually rendered by Mr. Perera and his firm to his client in the divorce actions for which he had not been paid exceeded the $35,000 award, that he had based the award upon conservative principles as required by Massachusetts law, and that the order should survive Joseph's death. The judge concluded that a contrary ruling would result in a windfall to Dorothy, who, in effect, would be rewarded for her failure to comply. Finally, the judge stated his view that Dorothy's request for an additional thirty days in which to pay the award "constituted an implied, if not express, acquiescence to the order." The judge's order concluded with the directive that unless Dorothy had paid the $35,000 due Mr. Perera by April

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20, 1983, a judgment of contempt would automatically enter against her. [Note 13]

1. Joseph's death, of course, abated the pending divorce actions. See Diggs v. Diggs, 291 Mass. 399, 401 (1935); Ross v. Ross, 385 Mass. 30, 35 (1982). We do not think it necessary to formulate a general rule dealing with an award of counsel fees in a divorce case which remains unpaid at the time of the abatement or dismissal of the underlying divorce proceedings. We conclude, in the circumstances of this case -- in which (a) the order awarding counsel fees was made while Joseph was alive; (b) the award was made payable directly to Mr. Perera and represented monies due to legal services already rendered and not for future services; [Note 14] and (c) a case for finding Dorothy in contempt clearly had been made out by Mr. Perera's uncontradicted representations to the judge at the hearing on February 16, 1983 -- that the probate judge could, and properly did, compel payment of the award in order to prevent Dorothy from unjustly reaping benefit from her own delay and contemptuous behavior in refusing to obey the order. [Note 15]

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2. We conclude as well that the judge did not abuse his discretion in establishing the amount of the award at $35,000. The judge was not obliged to hold an evidentiary hearing on Mr. Perera's motion, see Ross v. Ross, 385 Mass. at 38-39; Robbins v. Robbins, 16 Mass. App. Ct. 576, 582 (1983), where he possessed "first hand knowledge of the work performed and of going rates. . . ." Robbins v. Robbins, 19 Mass. App. Ct. 538, 543 n.10 (1985). [Note 16] We are satisfied that there is an adequate foundation in the record for the award within the guidelines applicable to such awards, see Olmstead v. Murphy, 21 Mass. App. Ct. 664, 665 (1986), and cases cited, and that in setting the amount the judge "dwelt on the relevant considerations and . . . stayed within permissible evidentiary bounds." Robbins v. Robbins, 19 Mass. App. Ct. at 543. In particular, we note that the award is anchored in the existence of contemporaneously prepared time records, probably the most important factor in arriving at a fair fee determination. [Note 17] See Grendel's Den, Inc. v. Larkin, 749 F.2d 945, 950 (1st Cir. 1984).

3. The order awarding $35,000 to Mr. Perera in counsel fees is affirmed. Upon the entry of the rescript, Mr. Perera is to move to substitute himself as the complainant in the pending contempt complaint and, upon allowance of that motion, an order is to enter directing that the $35,000 in counsel fees, with accumulated interest, is to be paid to him from the escrow account containing those funds. Any other proceedings necessary to enforce the payment are to be brought in the Probate and Family Court Department. In addition, Mr. Perera is to have counsel fees in connection with this appeal in the amount of $2,500, as well as double costs, both sums to be contained in an execution against Dorothy B. Edinburg to issue from, and to be enforced by, the Probate and Family Court Department in Norfolk County.

So ordered.