THOMAS J. COSTELLO vs. BOARD OF APPEALS OF LEXINGTON & another (and a companion case [Note 1]).

ARMSTRONG, J. On June 7, 1973, the board of appeals of Lexington (board) filed with the town clerk a decision granting a special permit (due to expire on June 6, 1976) to one Carroll to pick up and keep cars on certain premises in a residential district. The plaintiff, an abutter, appealed to the Superior Court on June 22 and mailed written notice of the appeal with a copy of the bill to the town clerk on June 27, the twentieth day after the decision. The notice was received on June 28, the twenty-first day. The Superior Court sustained a plea in abatement filed by the board on the ground that the notice was not received by the twentieth day, as required by G. L. c. 40A, Section 21, as amended through St. 1972, c. 334, which read in part: ". . . any person aggrieved by the decision of the board of appeals . . . may appeal to the superior court . . . by filing a bill in equity within twenty days after the decision has been filed in the office of the city or town clerk . . .. Written notice of such appeal together with a copy of the bill in equity shall be given to such city or town clerk within said twenty day appeal period." The ruling was correct. Compliance with the quoted notice provision of Section 21 is essential to the maintenance of an appeal. [Note 2] Carey v. Planning Bd. of Revere, 335 Mass. 740,

Page 443

745 (1957). Lincoln v. Board of Appeals of Framingham, 346 Mass. 418 (1963). Maria v. Board of Appeal of Lowell, 348 Mass. 798 (1965). Halko v. Board of Appeals of Billerica, 349 Mass. 465, 467 (1965). Bjornlund v. Zoning Bd. of Appeals of Marshfield, 353 Mass. 757 (1967). Carr v. Board of Appeals of Saugus, 361 Mass. 361, 362-363 (1972). The purpose of the notice provision is to give interested third persons at least constructive notice of the appeal. Carr v. Board of Appeals of Saugus, supra, and cases cited. Strict compliance with all the details of the notice provision is not required, so long as notice adequate to serve the purpose of the provision is given within the period limited. See, e.g., McLaughlin v. Rockland Zoning Bd. of Appeals, 351 Mass. 678, 679-680 (1967) (in which the copy of the bill was timely filed with the town clerk but without a writing stating that an appeal was being taken), and Carr v. Board of Appeals of Saugus, supra (in which the notice of the appeal was timely filed, but without the copy of the bill).

Manifestly the purpose of the notice provision is not served within the time limited unless the notice is received within the time limited. Section 21 requires that the notice be "given" within the twenty day appeal period. "In the absence of express provision to the contrary, a notice is not given until received by the person to be notified." Regan v. Atlantic Ref. Co. 304 Mass. 353, 354 (1939). Authority to that effect is overwhelming. Shea v. New York, N. H. & H. R.R. 173 Mass. 177, 179 (1899). O'Neil v. Boston, 257 Mass. 414, 415 (1926). Schneider v. Boston Elev. Ry. 259 Mass. 564, 566 (1927). Thorndike, petitioner, 270 Mass. 334, 335 (1930). Sweeney v. Morey & Co. Inc. 279 Mass. 495, 499-500 (1932). Sheldon v. Bennett, 282 Mass. 240, 246 (1933). Amsler v. Quincy, 297 Mass. 115, 118 (1937).

Page 444

Boyajian, petitioner, 310 Mass. 822, 823 (1941). See Lawrence v. Webster, 167 Mass. 513, 516 (1897); McCarthy v. Dedham, 188 Mass. 204, 206-207 (1905); McCord v. Masonic Cas. Co. 201 Mass. 473, 475 (1909); Street Lumber Co. v. Sullivan, 201 Mass. 484, 486 (1909); Webber Lumber & Supply Co. v. Erickson, 216 Mass. 81, 82 (1913); Rooney v. Ludlow Mfg. & Sales Social & Athletic Club, Inc. 330 Mass. 340 (1953). See also, for analogous construction, Old Colony R.R. v. Assessors of Quincy, 305 Mass. 509, 513-514 (1940); Pierce v. Board of Appeals of Carver, ante, 352, 356 (1975), (further appellate review granted, 368 Mass. 817 [1975]). Inapposite are cases, relied on by the plaintiff, which hold that, where notice may be given by mail within a time limited, the requirement is satisfied by mailing within the time limited, regardless of the time of receipt. See Survey & Research Serv. Inc. v. Director of the Div. of Employment Security, 352 Mass. 475 (1967), and cases cited.

The plaintiff argues for a result contrary to that which we reach on the basis of St. 1969, c. 706, prior to which the notice provision in question read, "Notice of the filing [of the appeal] with a copy of the bill in equity shall be given to such city or town clerk so as to be received within such twenty days." The purpose of St. 1969, c. 706, was to authorize appeals to the district courts from decisions of boards of appeals. The bill upon which c. 706 was based (1969 House Doc. No. 2639) did not, in its original form, affect the phrase "so as to be received." By a floor amendment, however, what is now the second paragraph of Section 21 was entirely rewritten, many drafting changes being made therein which cannot be thought to have carried a substantive intent. 1969 House Journal, p. 2305. In the context of such a total revision of the paragraph, the deletion of the words "so as to be received" may have reflected nothing more than a recognition that the words were redundant. If the Legislature had intended to make receipt of notice by the town clerk no longer necessary, it is not likely that it would have expressed that intention by the use of words, the settled meaning of which is precisely to the contrary.

Page 445

We are unwilling to proceed from an assumption that the Legislature lacks familiarity with common drafting conventions and settled usage. See Forcier v. Hopkins, 329 Mass. 668, 671 (1953). See also G. L. c. 4, Section 6.

The meaning of an adequately drafted statute should be found in the words it uses. If the words of a statute are unclear or ambiguous, we must look to the legislative history of the statute to shed light on what the Legislature intended by the use of those words. But when the words used in the statute have a clear and settled meaning, we are reluctant to infer a contrary meaning from words which formerly appeared in the statute but no longer do.

There is nothing in Section 21 or in the history of the 1969 amendment which leads us to conclude that the Legislature intended to make the mere sending of the notice sufficient, regardless whether or when it is received by the town clerk. The judge was therefore correct in sustaining the plea in abatement and in dismissing the appeal from the board's granting of the special permit.

The companion case, instituted after the sustaining of the plea in abatement in the appeal from the decision of the board, is a petition for writ of mandamus against the building inspector of Lexington. The relief sought is a determination that the decision of the board was beyond its jurisdiction, a determination that the use authorized by that decision is a violation of the town's zoning by-law, and the issuance of a writ of mandamus ordering the building inspector to enforce the zoning by-law by terminating such use of the premises. The building inspector's answer in abatement was correctly sustained for the reasons stated in Saab v. Building Inspector of Lowell, 1 Mass. App. Ct. 87 (1973). See also Lincoln v. Board of Appeals of Framingham, 346 Mass. 418, 420 (1963). Cf. Lane v. Selectmen of Great Barrington, 352 Mass. 523, 526 (1967), discussed in Ryckman, "Judicial and Administrative Review in Massachusetts Zoning and Subdivision Control Cases", 52 Mass. L. Q. (No. 4) 297, 353-355 (1967).

In the appeal under G. L. c. 40A, Section 21, the interlocutory and final decrees are affirmed. In the petition for writ of

Page 446

mandamus, the order sustaining the answer in abatement is affirmed, and judgment is to be entered dismissing the petition.

So ordered.