JEROME E. RUZICKA vs. COMMISSIONER OF THE DEPARTMENT OF EMPLOYMENT AND TRAINING.

BROWN, J. This is an appeal from a judgment entered in the District Court affirming the denial of unemployment benefits to the plaintiff, Jerome E. Ruzicka. On July 2, 1991, the Department of Employment and Training (DET) found Ruzicka

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to be ineligible within the meaning of G. L. c. 151A, Section 24(a), [Note 1] for financial benefits.

The plaintiff worked for Barry Wright Corporation until February 9, 1990, when he was separated from his employment. Upon termination, he received a single, lump sum payment equivalent to six months' wages, pursuant to an agreement with his employer. In addition, his medical and life insurance coverage was continued for the six-month period. When Ruzicka applied for unemployment benefits in March of 1990, DET determined that he was ineligible because the lump sum payment was continuation pay and thus remuneration under the provisions of G. L. c. 151A, Section 1(r)(3). [Note 2] DET informed Ruzicka that, because the lump sum would be deemed to apply to that six-month period, he would not be eligible for benefits until August 11, 1990. The plaintiff does not contest this determination.

Ruzicka became a self-employed consultant from May, 1990 until May, 1991. Because he was self-employed, he did not reapply for benefits in August, 1990. After he lost his consulting work in May, 1991, however, he reapplied for unemployment benefits on June 15, 1991. The base period for his new claim was determined to be June 10, 1990, through June 8, 1991. [Note 3] This period included the last two months

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(June and July, 1990) of the time Ruzicka was deemed by DET to have received remuneration in the form of a lump sum payment from Barry Wright Corporation. DET denied the claim, reasoning that Ruzicka had not been "paid wages in the base period" as required by G. L. c. 151A, Section 24(a). The plaintiff appealed from DET's decision to the District Court, which affirmed, and this appeal ensued.

This case turns on the interpretation of several sections of the Massachusetts Employment Security Law, G. L. c. 151A, particularly, Sections 1(r)(3), (1)(s), 24, and 31. [Note 4] At issue is the treatment, for purposes of unemployment benefit eligibility, of lump sum payments received at separation. In order to be eligible, Ruzicka must have earned wages within the statutory base period preceding his claim. The question is whether lump sum payments deemed remuneration by DET should count as "wages earned" for subsequent unemployment benefits claims.

Until 1992, DET distinguished between "severance pay," which was not considered remuneration, and "continuation pay," which was. [Note 5] The theoretical construct that underlies the treatment of "continuation pay" as remuneration, and that now underlies the treatment of all lump sums received at separation as remuneration, is one of a continuing employment relationship. The attribution of lump sums to periods after their receipt effectively satisfies DET's concern that, to limit eligibility, claimants ought to have a "minimum level of earnings as a prerequisite." Naples v. Commissioner of Dept. of Employment & Training, 412 Mass. 631, 634 (1992).

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If the individual is treated as still sufficiently connected with the employer so that he is not in "unemployment" by virtue of the receipt of "remuneration," then he or she has demonstrated the sort of recent connection with the labor market for which the minimum earnings requirement is the test. DET's allocation of continuation pay (and severance pay as well, under the amended Section 1[r][3]) to a period after its receipt treats it as, in effect a private substitute for unemployment compensation. Once the period of allocation of the lump sum ends, however, the claimant is in the same position as any other newly unemployed worker, i.e., in need of the financial support of unemployment benefits. To refuse to treat a lump sum as wages constructively received during the base period frustrates the fundamental purpose of the statute and leaves workers who are now effectively newly unemployed without any benefits to support themselves and their families.

DET concedes, in the instant case, that continuation pay is included within the term "wages" under Section 1(s) [Note 6] but contends that it is to be treated, in a lump sum case, as all paid when it is received, regardless of whether DET deems it to be constructively received over a period of weeks under Section 1(r)(3). The impact of this analysis on Ruzicka is that the continuation pay that he received in February, 1990, as a lump sum serves to disqualify him from receiving benefits for the six-month period immediately following his separation from his employer, yet, for the purposes of establishing a base period of earned wages, the continuation pay does not serve to establish monetary eligibility under Section 24(a). [Note 7] Such a

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result is perverse and results in an illogical scheme that could not have been intended by the Legislature when it enacted the relevant provisions of the Employment Security Law. [Note 8] Cf. Morales v. Commissioner of Pub. Welfare, 18 Mass. App. Ct. 239, 244 (1984) (Cutter, J.) (adopting a "commonsense interpretation" of the relevant provisions rather than the "department's interpretation of its regulations [that] seems inconsistent with their terms").

We adopt an interpretation of the statute that harmonizes the statutory provisions and leads to a more just and equitable result. [Note 9] We think that continuation pay should be treated as wages earned and paid during the period to which they are applied for the purposes of both Section 1(r)(3) and Section 24(a). Instead of being treated as paid at the time the lump sum is actually received (in this case, February, 1990), continuation pay would be spread over the "continuation period." Such a construction is consistent with the principal statutory purpose of c. 151A, which is to "lighten the burden which now falls on . . . unemployed worker[s] and [their] famil[ies]." G. L. c. 151A, Section 74, as amended by St. 1990, c. 177, Section 340. See Emerson v. Director of Div. of Employment Sec., 393 Mass. 351, 352 (1984). See also Morales v. Commissioner of Public Welfare, 18 Mass. App. Ct. at 242 n.5.

We conclude that DET committed an error of law in its interpretation and application of G. L. c. 151A, Section 24(a). See G. L. c. 30A, Section 14(7). Moreover, "we [are] led to the interpretation which we have given to the statute by considering the harsh and counterproductive result which would

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follow from denying the claimant benefits." Emerson, supra at 353. Concomitantly, "we are guided by the principle that, `[w]here the draftsmanship of a statute is faulty or lacks precision, it is our duty to give the statute a reasonable construction.'" Capone v. Zoning Bd. of Appeals of Fitchburg, 389 Mass. 617, 622 (1983), quoting from School Comm. of Greenfield v. Greenfield Educ. Assn., 385 Mass. 70, 79-80 (1982). The impact of DET's interpretation is clear: had Ruzicka opted not to engage in self-employment, he would have been eligible to apply for unemployment benefits in August of 1990. Contrary to the assertions of DET, Ruzicka is not seeking to base his claim on ineligible self-employment. He merely seeks to be treated as if he had actually worked during the period from June 10 to August 11, 1990, consistent with DET's treatment of him on his first claim. "The effect [of DET's interpretation] is to reward the idle and punish the ambitious. We shall not lend judicial approval to this result." Ibid.

We reverse the judgment affirming the denial of unemployment benefits to the plaintiff and remand the matter to the District Court for entry of a new judgment consistent with this opinion.

So ordered.