NOREEN JUDITH HUNTER vs. NONA PORTER. [Note 1]

DUFFLY, J. In a proceeding for declaratory judgment, Noreen Judith Hunter (Noreen) sought an adjudication that she was born out of wedlock to Joseph S. Hunter (Joseph) and Marian McKeever (Marian), thereby to establish her right to inherit from Joseph's estate. The plaintiff's complaint, filed nearly twenty months following Joseph's death, was dismissed as not having been timely filed as required by G. L. c. 190, § 7, [Note 2] and

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G. L. c. 197, § 9(a). [Note 3] The former statute establishes procedures for a child born out of wedlock seeking to share in the assets of the estate of a father dying intestate; the latter statute imposes a one-year limitation period for bringing an action against an executor or administrator.

The plaintiff's appeal raises the question whether the one-year limitation period for bringing an action to establish paternity that is imposed through operation of G. L. c. 190, § 7, is inapplicable when the decedent has, by word or deed during his lifetime, acknowledged paternity of a person seeking to inherit from his estate. [Note 4] We affirm the dismissal.

Background. We set out such facts in the plaintiff's pleading and affidavits which, if true, would take the case out of the statute of limitations. See Howe v. Johnston, 39 Mass. App. Ct. 651 ,

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655 (1996) (plaintiff has burden of proving facts which will take case out of statute of limitations). [Note 5] To provide context, we also set forth certain uncontested background facts culled from the record and from Keville v. McKeever, 42 Mass. App. Ct. 140 (1997), our prior opinion in which these parties were also involved. That action, a contested conservatorship proceeding consolidated with Noreen's petition for permanent guardianship and other actions, involved a dispute over ownership of Joseph's assets between Marian, Noreen, and others on one side, and Joseph's daughter, Nona Porter, and others on the other.

In 1924, Joseph immigrated to the United States where, over the next sixty years, he amassed substantial assets. Id. at 141-142. Marian, Joseph's long-time bookkeeper, secretary, and, later, personal attendant, gave birth to Noreen on December 9, 1955. [Note 6] At the time of Noreen's birth, Marian had been employed

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for five years as Joseph's bookkeeper. Joseph was then married, and had been since 1928; he and his wife had two children, a son and Nona Porter. Joseph's wife died in 1982. Sometime in 1982, Joseph moved into one of his properties with Marian. Joseph died intestate on April 27, 1996; Nona Porter was appointed to administer Joseph's estate and, in that capacity, is the defendant in the matter now before us.

In our prior opinion, we chronicled Joseph's increasing dementia and the stripping of his assets by Marian, Noreen, and Marian's son, Frank. Id. at 144- 148. We found no reason to disturb the judgment that, beginning in at least August, 1982, Joseph was incompetent and "that the McKeevers [Noreen, Marian and Frank] have no interest in Joseph's estate." Id. at 147, 155. [Note 7] That conclusion, however, was not based upon the right of a child born out of wedlock to seek to inherit from her father's estate pursuant to G. L. c. 190, § 7, and is, therefore, not dispositive of the issues here on appeal.

As we have observed, Joseph died in April, 1996. Noreen's complaint was filed on December 11, 1997. In that complaint, Noreen alleges that she is the out of wedlock child of Marian and Joseph, and she asks that "the Court adjudicate the Plaintiff to be the daughter of Joseph S. Hunter for the purposes of establishing entitlement to his estate." Noreen's materials in opposition to the defendant's motion to dismiss contain documents supporting her assertion that Joseph acknowledged paternity of Noreen during his lifetime. See note 5, supra. [Note 8]

Discussion. Under G. L. c. 190, § 7, the limitations period set out in G. L. c. 197, § 9, is made applicable to actions filed

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by a person born out of wedlock seeking to establish a right to inherit from her father. Thus, where paternity is contested, the action must be commenced within one year from the date of death of the deceased. See Flannery v. Flannery, 429 Mass. 55 , 59 (1999) ("G. L. c. 197, § 9(a), bars the plaintiff's claim one year from the date of the decedent's death"); Eresian v. Mattei, 52 Mass. App. Ct. 16 , 17 (2001) ("There is a short statute of limitations, G. L. c. 97, § 9(a), which requires creditors to bring an action against the executor or administrator within one year after the date of death of the deceased"). Because Noreen's complaint was filed nearly twenty months after the date of Joseph's death, it was properly dismissed.

We agree with Noreen that the second sentence of c. 190, § 7, provides an option, in addition to adjudication, by which an illegitimate child may establish paternity following the death of a putative father. That sentence states as follows: "If a decedent has acknowledged paternity of a person born out of wedlock or if during his lifetime or after his death a decedent has been adjudged to be the father of a person born out of wedlock that person is heir of his father." G. L. c. 190, § 7. We disagree, however, with Noreen's claim that because the administrator was on notice of the existence of evidence constituting Joseph's "acknowledgment" of paternity, [Note 9] Noreen fulfilled the prerequisites to establishing paternity set forth in c. 190, § 7, and is entitled, without more, to share in Joseph's estate. Where the issue of paternity is contested, the additional requirement set forth in c. 190, § 7, applicable to the circumstances, namely, commencement of an action to establish paternity, must be satisfied. See, e.g., Higgins v. Ripley, 16 Mass. App. Ct. 928 , 928 (1983); Doe v. Roe, 19 Mass. App. Ct. 270 , 272 (1985).

When, in the context of claims to inherit, the issue of paternity is uncontested, no action need be commenced and paternity may be established by stipulation of the parties that during the decedent's lifetime he acknowledged that he was the father of the person claiming a right to inherit from his estate.

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See Lowell v. Kowalski, 380 Mass. 663 , 670 (1980) (where "it was established, based on a stipulation of the parties, that, on numerous occasions, the defendant's intestate acknowledged the paternity of the plaintiff orally and in writing"). [Note 10] See also Paquette v. Koscotas, 12 Mass. App. Ct. 52 , 53 (1981) (parties' stipulation that decedent acknowledged paternity "obviates any further inquiry by us for other evidence of acknowledgment").

The court in Lowell identified three forms of evidence that could establish paternity in contested proceedings: "the father's written acknowledgment of his paternity (see for such an example, G. L. c. 273, § 15 [Note 11] . . .), his sworn testimony to the same effect, or an adjudication of paternity under G. L. c. 273." Lowell v. Kowalski, 380 Mass. at 670. The court left for later determination "the question whether, in a contested proceeding, proof of paternity may be made out in the absence of" the above described evidence. Ibid. We will assume for purposes of our discussion that the notarized statement, see note 5, supra, constitutes a "sworn statement" that would, upon admission in evidence and established to be the voluntary, knowing statement of the decedent, support an adjudication of paternity.

Here, because the issue of paternity was contested, the

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plaintiff was bound under G. L. c. 190, § 7, either to deliver an adjudication of paternity, or to "commence[], in a court of competent jurisdiction, an action in which the executor or administrator is a named party and in which such paternity is ultimately proved." Delivery of the adjudication or commencement of the action must occur within the one-year period provided under G. L. c. 197, § 9. There was no adjudication of paternity, nor did the complainant launch an action within a year from the date of Joseph's death to prove he was her father. [Note 12] The claim was properly dismissed as untimely.

Noreen also seeks to apply to this case the holding in Commonwealth v. Gruttner, 385 Mass. 474 , 475 (1982), that "no time bar blocks the bringing of an action to adjudicate the paternity of an illegitimate child." That decision was specific to criminal nonsupport actions brought pursuant to G. L. c. 273, § 15, against living, putative fathers, and has no relevance to the circumstances of this case.

Judgment affirmed.