SAMUEL KUNEN vs. FIRST AGRICULTURAL NATIONAL BANK OF BERKSHIRE COUNTY, executor.

GRANT, J. Two of the residuary legatees (legatees) under a will have appealed from a decree of the Probate Court for Worcester County which awarded an attorney a total amount of $10,000, payable out of the estate, for his services to the executor in connection with the settlement of the estate. G. L. c. 215, Section 39A. The only contention of any substance is that the evidence before the Probate Court did not warrant such an award as the one made. We consider this contention in light of the truncated portions of the trial record which have been reproduced in the legatees' record appendix and affirm the decree. In doing so we take the occasion to express our views on certain of the requirements of Mass.R.A.P. 18(a) and (b), 365 Mass. 864 , 865 (1974).

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The docket entries which have been transmitted to us under Mass.R.A.P. 9(d), 365 Mass. 852 (1974), disclose that at the request of the legatees a stenographer was appointed under G. L. c. 215, Section 18 (as in effect prior to St. 1978, c. 478, Section 129), to report the evidence at the hearing on the petition filed under the aforementioned Section 39A and that a stenographic transcript was seasonably filed with the register. [Note 1] There does not appear to have been any request for a report of material facts (G. L. c. 215, Section 11, as appearing in St. 1975, c. 400, Section 58), and the judge made no such report. [Note 2] As soon as the appeal was docketed in this court the legatees filed a motion which advised the single justice that one of the two issues on appeal [Note 3] would be the sufficiency of the evidence to support the decree appealed from and requested leave under Mass.R.A.P. 18(f), 365 Mass. 867 (1974), to dispense with the requirement of an appendix and that the appeal be heard on the original papers and the transcript of the proceedings in the Probate Court. [Note 4] The motion disclosed no reason for the request and was promptly denied. The legatees were then allowed to defer the filing of their appendix under Mass.R.A.P. 18(c), 365 Mass. 865 (1974).

The legatees did not designate for inclusion in their appendix any of the exhibits which had been offered in

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evidence at the hearing in the Probate Court (see Mass.R.A.P. 18[e], 365 Mass. 867 [1974]), and, except for reproducing one of the exhibits as an addendum to their brief, they have made no effort to acquaint us with the contents of any of the exhibits in any of the ways permitted by Mass.R.A.P. 9(b), 365 Mass. 852 (1974). See Braniff Airways, Inc. v. Curtiss-Wright Corp., 411 F.2d 451, 455 (2d Cir.), cert. denied, 396 U.S. 959 (1969), and cert. denied sub nom. Addabbo v. Curtiss-Wright Corp., 400 U.S. 829 (1970). A perusal of the appendix filed by the legatees (which unnecessarily includes a copy of the designation presumably served by them under Mass.R.A.P. 18[b]) discloses that they have reproduced a total of approximately eight pages of a stenographic transcript which consists of at least seventy-nine pages. At the end of the appendix there is to be found a reference to the concluding sentence of the first paragraph of Mass.R.A.P. 18(b) [Note 5] and a "request [for] leave to refer to portions of the record omitted from this Appendix, and to rely thereon." [Note 6] A perusal of the legatees' brief and reply brief discloses a total of approximately forty direct or indirect references to exhibits which have not been brought before us in any fashion or to portions of the testimony which have not been reproduced in the appendix. [Note 7]

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When questioned at the argument as to how he intended to sustain his burden of demonstrating error on the appeal in view of the absence of exhibits and the absence of all the relevant evidence in the appendix, counsel for the legatees referred us to that portion of Mass.R.A.P. 18(b) which is quoted in note 5, supra. [Note 8] Counsel's reliance is misplaced, for at least two reasons.

We note first that the language of Mass.R.A.P. 18(b) was taken directly (with minor variations not here material) from that of Fed.R.A.P. 30(b), which took effect in all the United States Courts of Appeals on July 1, 1968. "Like the rules of civil procedure, . . . [Mass.R.A.P. 18(b) is] to be given the adjudged construction . . . given to . . . [Fed.R.A.P. 30(b)] . . . absent compelling reasons to the contrary or significant differences in content." Westinghouse Elec. Supply Co. v. Healy Corp., 5 Mass. App. Ct. 43 , 47 (1977). The Federal rule was intended to achieve uniformity among the circuits and was considered and adopted in light of a background of conflicting sets of rules concerning the manner in which the contents of a record were to be presented to the appellate judges for their consideration. A review of the cases decided in those circuits which then employed some variation of the record appendix method of designation and presentation discloses that it was generally with reluctance, and only in exceptional circumstances, that a Court of Appeals looked at some portion of the record of a District Court (such as a stenographic transcript) which had not been reproduced in an appendix in the manner required by some applicable rule. See, e.g., Hornin v. Montgomery Ward & Co., 120 F.2d 500, 504 (3d Cir. 1941); Esso Standard

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Oil Co. v. Secatore's, Inc., 246 F.2d 17, 22-23 (1st Cir.), cert. denied, 355 U.S. 834 (1957); Sparrow v. Yellow Cab Co., 273 F.2d 1, 4-5 (7th Cir. 1959); Potomac Ins. Co. v. Stanley, 281 F.2d 775, 778 (7th Cir. 1960); United States v. Lefkowitz, 284 F.2d 310, 316 (2d Cir. 1960); Morrison v. Texas Co., 289 F. 2d 382, 383-385 (7th Cir. 1961); Walters v. Shari Music Publishing Co., 298 F.2d 206, 207-208 (2d Cir. 1962); Marcinak v. West Indies Inv. Co., 299 F.2d 821, 823-824 (3d Cir. 1962); Haddad v. Border Express, Inc. 303 F.2d 134, 136-137 (1st Cir. 1962); Pioneer Credit Corp. v. Bloomberg, 323 F.2d 922, 993 (1st Cir. 1963); Chernack v. Radlo, 331 F.2d 170, 171-172 (1st Cir. 1964); Valley Stream Flooring Corp. v. Green Manor Constr. Co., 336 F.2d 6, 7 (1st Cir. 1964); Kelley v. Dunne, 369 F.2d 627, 628 (1st Cir. 1966) ("We cannot pass upon the correctness of findings when only a small portion of the transcript is made available. Even without a rule, this should be self-evident"). And see Moran Towing Corp. v. M. A. Gammino Constr. Co., 363 F.2d 108, 109 (1st Cir. 1966) ("[The rule] means the relevant testimony, not simply the testimony favorable to the appellant").

We think it clear from the note to Fed.R.A.P. 30 which was published by the Advisory Committee on the Federal Rules of Appellate Procedure that the last sentence of the first paragraph of Fed.R.A.P. 30(b), which is verbatim identical to that of Mass.R.A.P. 18(b) (see note 5, supra), was intended to provide a measure of relief when there has been an inadvertent omission from an appendix. See Slade, The Appendix to the Briefs: Rule 30 of the Federal Rules of Appellate Procedure, 28 Fed. Bar J. 116, 123-124 (1968). [Note 9] So far as we have been able to ascertain, the majority of the Courts of Appeals which have expressly addressed themselves to the requirements of Fed.R.A.P. 30 have acted in a manner consistent with the expressed

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intention of the Advisory Committee. See Alger v. Hayes, 452 F.2d 841, 845 (8th Cir. 1972); United States v. Seaboard Coast Line R.R., 517 F. 2d 881, 882 (4th Cir. 1975) (appeal dismissed because the appendix failed to meet the minimum requirements of Fed.R.A.P. 30[a]); United States v. One Motor Yacht Named Mercury, 527 F.2d 1112, 1113-1114 (1st Cir. 1975) ("The burden is on the appellant to provide this court with an appendix sufficient to support its points on appeal. . . . Without an adequate appendix, we are unable to review the determination of the district court for the sufficiency of the evidence"). [Note 10] And see Rule 11(c) of the First Circuit (1978), which reads: "Notwithstanding the provisions of FRAP 30 the court may decline to refer to portions of the record omitted from the Appendix, except by inadvertence, unless leave be granted prior to argument." Contrast Doyn Aircraft, Inc. v. Wylie, 443 F.2d 579, 584 (10th Cir. 1971).

We cannot characterize any of the omissions in the present case as inadvertent. With full knowledge that the court had refused to hear the case on the original papers and trial transcript, counsel favored us with only one of the exhibits referred to in his brief and, in a single-issue case involving the sufficiency of the evidence to warrant a finding of fact, saw fit to reproduce only a fraction of the testimony in an appendix which contained an express admission of its insufficiency.

There is an additional route to the conclusion that we need not look at parts of a record which have not been reproduced in an appendix. As we pointed out in the Westinghouse case, the second sentence of the first paragraph of Mass.R.A.P. 18(a) differs from its counterpart in

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Fed.R.A.P. 30(a) in the respect that there has been added to our rule the express proviso that "the court may decline to permit the parties to refer to portions of the record omitted from the appendix, unless leave be granted prior to argument (emphasis supplied)." 5 Mass. App. Ct. at 56-57 n.29. [Note 11] As that case suggests one of the reasons for the proviso is that under the Massachusetts practice (see Mass.R.A.P. 9[a], 365 Mass. 851 [1974]) the original record remains in the court below and is not transmitted to the appellate court in the absence of an express order for transmission which is entered by the appellate court or a Justice thereof. 5 Mass. App. Ct. at 54-55. The proviso assumes particular importance when counsel understand that much of the time spent by the Justices in perusing briefs and appendices in preparation for oral argument is during hours when original records are physically unavailable. See and compare Marcinak v. West Indies Inv. Co., 299 F.2d at 823; United States v. Green, 547 F.2d 333, 334 (6th Cir. 1976). The purposes of such preparation and of oral argument would often be frustrated, and there would be abuses of the rule and inevitable delays in the decision of cases, [Note 12] if counsel could require us to consider parts of original records which have been inexcusably omitted from appendices.

It is for reasons such as these that we have usually adhered to a practice of declining to look at parts of records

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which have not been reproduced in appendices unless there has been prior compliance with the proviso of Mass.R.A.P. 18(a) or with the provisions of Mass.R.A.P. 18(f). See Slater v. Burnham Corp., 4 Mass. App. Ct. 791 , 791 (1976); Storer v. Anderson, 4 Mass. App. Ct. 809 , 809 (1976); Cantor v. Van Noorden, 4 Mass. App. Ct. 819 , 819 (1976); Haddad v. Board of Appeals of Medford, 4 Mass. App. Ct. 843 (1976); Dennis v. Austin, 4 Mass. App. Ct. 856 (1976); Westinghouse Elec. Supply Co. v. Healy Corp., 5 Mass. App. Ct. at 56-57 n.29; Woodward v. School Comm. of Sharon, 5 Mass. App. Ct. 84 , 89 (1977); Dente v. Pink, 5 Mass. App. Ct. 791 (1977); Kipp v. O'Reilly, 5 Mass. App. Ct. 795 (1977); O'Neill v. First Ipswich Co. Inc., 5 Mass. App. Ct. 820 , 820-821 (1977); Svenson v. First Natl. Bank, 5 Mass. App. Ct. 440 , 450 (1977); White v. Burger, 5 Mass. App. Ct. 879 , 880 (1977); Ford Marketing Corp. v. Hartford Ins. Co., 5 Mass. App. Ct. 891 (1977). [Note 13] Contrast Kiss v. Board of Appeals of Longmeadow, 371 Mass. 147 , 150 (1976); Ainslie v. Ainslie, post 692, 695 n.3 (1978). There is no reason to depart from that practice in the circumstances of the present case. [Note 14]

The appendix in this case is insufficient to permit review of any question (if there is one) as to the sufficiency of the evidence to warrant the trial judge's ultimate finding of the value of the services rendered by the petitioner to the executor in the course of the settlement of the estate. As already noted, there are no subsidiary findings of fact. So far as we are concerned, the case comes to us solely on the petition and the decree. In such circumstances the decree must be affirmed simply because it falls within the scope of the pleadings and contains no

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indication of legal error. See Herlihy v. Flemings, 4 Mass. App. Ct. 787 (1976) (also decided under G. L. c. 215, Section 39A). Compare Thayer Co. v. Binnall, 326 Mass. 467 , 483 (1950), S.C., 335 Mass. 150 (1956); Hinds v. Hinds, 4 Mass. App. Ct. 63 , 65 (1976).

Decree affirmed.