STEPHEN LOGAN vs. COMMISSIONER OF THE DEPARTMENT OF INDUSTRIAL ACCIDENTS & another. [Note 1]

KAFKER, J. The issue presented is whether reports by an impartial medical examiner (IME), prepared pursuant to G. L. c. 152, § 11A, fit within the "medical files or information" exemption to the State public records law. We conclude that the IME reports fit within the exemption, even with the redactions proposed here, and therefore affirm the judgment of the Superior Court upholding the decisions of the Commissioner of Department

Page 534

of Industrial Accidents (DIA), and the supervisor of public records (supervisor) denying the public records request.

Background. On March 31, 2004, counsel for workers' compensation claimant Stephen Logan filed a written request pursuant to the public records law, G. L. c. 66, § 10, for copies of all IME reports prepared by Dr. Robert R. Pennell pursuant to G. L. c. 152, § 11A, for the time period between January 1, 2002, and March 31, 2004. [Note 2] The request stated, "In order to protect the privacy of any individual, please eradicate the names of the claimants."

On April 16, 2004, the DIA denied the public records request, relying on the medical files or information exemption set out in G. L. c. 4, § 7, Twenty-sixth (c) (sometimes referred to as the exemption). Logan appealed the denial to the supervisor. While his administrative appeal to the supervisor was pending, he modified his request to redact the DIA number and the DIA judge's name, as well as the name of the injured worker, from each report. On May 18, 2004, the supervisor denied the request, also relying on G. L. c. 4, § 7, Twenty-sixth (c).

In December, 2004, Logan filed suit in Superior Court seeking a declaratory judgment that the IME reports were public records. On April 12, 2005, the DIA approved the lump sum settlement of Logan's workers' compensation case. G. L. c. 152, § 48. Logan continued, however, to press his public records case through counsel. [Note 3] On August 29, 2005, a Superior Court judge denied the defendants' motion to dismiss, concluding that he "cannot say with certainty that Logan cannot obtain disclosure of any information contained with [in] the reports." While the motion to dismiss was pending, Logan filed a motion for a judgment on the pleadings. On February 13, 2006, another

Page 535

Superior Court judge denied the motion for a judgment on the pleadings on the basis that the reports contain medical information covered by the exemption, and that even with the redactions agreed to by Logan, the reports contain "personal information which could indirectly lead to the identification of the person to whom the report relates." The judge concluded that the defendants were not obliged to extract "nuggets of nonconfidential information" from the reports.

Discussion. The Legislature provided for the establishment of a roster of impartial medical examiners who are certified specialists in various medical fields. G. L. c. 152, § 11A. Those examiners must be willing to prepare reports and be deposed. Ibid. The reports are to constitute prima facie evidence in contested workers' compensation cases and they are to contain a determination whether a disability exists, whether any such disability "is total or partial and permanent or temporary in nature," whether any such disability is causally related to a workplace injury, and whether "a medical end result has been reached and what permanent impairments or losses of function" exist. Ibid.

As provided in G. L. c. 66, § 10, as amended by St. 1978, c. 294, "Every person having custody of any public record . . . shall, at reasonable times and without reasonable delay, permit it, or any segregable portion of a record which is an independent public record, to be inspected and examined. . . ." Public records are defined broadly to include all "documentary materials or data, regardless of physical form or characteristics, made or received by any [public] officer or employee" unless falling within a statutory exemption. G. L. c. 4, § 7, Twenty-sixth, as amended by St. 1973, c. 1050, § 1. Included among the exemptions are "personnel and medical files or information; also any other materials or data relating to a specifically named individual, the disclosure of which may constitute an unwarranted invasion of personal privacy." G. L. c. 4, § 7, Twenty-sixth (c), as amended by St. 1977, c. 691, § 1.

The Supreme Judicial Court has held that "medical . . . files or information are absolutely exempt from mandatory disclosure where the files or information are of a personal nature and relate to a particular individual." Globe Newspaper Co. v. Boston

Page 536

Retirement Bd., 388 Mass. 427 , 438 (1983). See Viriyahiranpaiboon v. Department of State Police, 52 Mass. App. Ct. 843 , 848 (2001). Consequently, the unredacted IME reports here, which provide detailed medical information on identified individuals, clearly fit within the absolute exemption and are not subject to production or review.

We must also, however, "consider whether the deletion of particular identifying details from the documents sought . . . may bring the documents outside the exemption." Globe Newspaper Co. v. Boston Retirement Bd., supra at 438. Where "indirect identification" of the individual is still possible, such redaction is insufficient. Ibid. In determining whether the individual can be indirectly identified, we review the documents not from the vantage point of the public at large but from those familiar with the individual. Ibid. Therefore, removing the name of the employee, as Logan originally proposed, is not enough. See ibid. See also Wakefield Teachers Assn. v. School Comm. of Wakefield, 431 Mass. 792 , 795 (2000). Nor is removing the DIA case number and judge, as Logan later proposed to the supervisor. There is still a "grave risk" that those familiar with the employee or his workplace could identify the employee and his medical condition. Globe Newspaper Co. v. Boston Retirement Bd., supra at 438.

At least on appeal, Logan seems to propose an even greater redaction, one that seeks only "Dr. Pennell's conclusory statements as to causation and disability." This information is apparently sought to determine how many times Dr. Pennell found a causal connection between the physical condition of an employee and a workplace injury, and if a causal connection was found, whether he found the employee disabled. Such data would, according to Logan, reveal Dr. Pennell's bias but not the employees' identities.

As Logan did not make that request to the supervisor, and the supervisor consequently took no action on any such request, the question is not properly before us. We note, however, that the Supreme Judicial Court has declined to order redaction where "it would be both burdensome and unnecessary to force the [public record holder] to redact the reports in order to extract the nuggets of nonconfidential information" requested (emphasis

Page 537

added). Globe Newspaper Co. v. Chief Med. Examiner, 404 Mass. 132 , 134 n.2 (1989). Redaction of each IME report to a core of "conclusory statements as to causation and disability" poses a significant burden on the DIA. [Note 4] Moreover, Logan could have obtained substantially the same information during the deposition of Dr. Pennell taken pursuant to G. L. c. 152, § 11A. See Ingalls's Case, 63 Mass. App. Ct. 901 , 901 (2005).

For all these reasons, the public records request for the IME reports was properly denied.

Judgment affirmed.