MICHAEL J. CONNOLLY vs. MARY K. SULLIVAN.

MILLS, J. We must determine whether a plaintiff's voluntary dismissal of his complaint, see Mass.R.Civ.P. 41(a)(1)(i), 365 Mass. 803 (1974), deprives the Superior Court the authority to award fees under the "anti-SLAPP" ("strategic litigation against public participation") statute, G. L. c. 231, § 59H. We agree with the motion judge's conclusion that she lacked such authority in these circumstances.

Background. Michael J. Connolly, the plaintiff, purchased two lots in Wellesley upon which he sought to build a five-unit residential project. Mary K. Sullivan, the defendant, met with abutters to determine whether they could halt the development. The plaintiff brought this action on November 17, 2008, seeking injunctive relief and $5 million in damages. In the complaint,

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he alleged that the defendant made private and public threats to stop him from developing the property and to bankrupt him.

On December 10, 2008, the defendant filed a notice of intent to file a special motion to dismiss under the anti-SLAPP statute, G. L. c. 231, § 59H (special motion to dismiss). [Note 1] On December 24, 2008, she served her special motion to dismiss upon the plaintiff pursuant to Superior Court Rule 9A (2004). The defendant agreed to the plaintiff's request for an extension of time to serve his opposition, but instead, on January 2, 2009, he filed a notice of voluntary dismissal pursuant to Mass.R.Civ.P. 41(a)(1)(i).

On January 22, 2009, the judge indorsed the defendant's special motion to dismiss (in which the defendant requested an award of attorney's fees), stating, "No action will be taken as it is moot. A voluntary notice of dismissal was filed on January 2, 2009 before the filing of this motion to dismiss." [Note 2] The defendant appeals from this order with a variety of arguments to the effect that the voluntary dismissal did not make the action moot as to her request for attorney's fees.

Discussion. The parties do not dispute that the plaintiff had an absolute right to voluntarily dismiss his complaint pursuant to Mass.R.Civ.P. 41(a)(1)(i). [Note 3] The dismissal, which occurred after the defendant noticed her intent to file a special motion to dismiss, was timely because it occurred prior to the defendant's service "of an answer or of a motion for summary judgment." See note 3, supra. The dispute is whether the Superior Court had authority to award fees, under the anti-SLAPP statute, G. L. c. 231, § 59H, after this voluntary dismissal.

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" 'The usual rule in Massachusetts is that the litigant must bear his own expenses' . . . the so-called 'American Rule.' " Wilkinson v. Citation Ins. Co., 447 Mass. 663, 669 (2006), quoting from Waldman v. American Honda Motor Co., 413 Mass. 320, 321 (1992). An award of fees is proper if "(1) a statute permits awards of costs, . . . or (2) a valid contract or stipulation provides for costs, or (3) rules concerning damages permit recovery of costs." Fuss v. Fuss, 372 Mass. 64, 70 (1977).

The anti-SLAPP statute has an express provision for costs: "If the court grants [a] special motion to dismiss, the court shall award the moving party costs and reasonable attorney's fees." G. L. c. 231, § 59H, inserted by St. 1994, c. 283, § 1. This language is unambiguous: in order to receive an award of costs and fees, the court must first "grant" the special motion to dismiss. Ibid. This language is "plain and unambiguous," and thus "must be given its ordinary meaning." Commonwealth v. Disler, 451 Mass. 216, 222 (2008), quoting from Commonwealth v. Brown, 431 Mass. 772, 775 (2000). In this case, the judge did not "grant" the special motion to dismiss. Instead, she properly ruled the motion moot in light of the voluntary dismissal, and thus costs and fees were not permitted under the anti-SLAPP statute.

Despite the anti-SLAPP statute's clear language, the defendant invites us to graft language onto it in order to permit recovery of costs and fees in these circumstances. We decline to do so because "we do not 'read into the statute a provision which the Legislature did not see fit to put there, whether the omission came from inadvertence or of set purpose.' " General Elec. Co. v. Department of Envtl. Protection, 429 Mass. 798, 803 (1999), quoting from King v. Viscoloid Co., 219 Mass. 420, 425 (1914).

Conclusion. The judge properly concluded that she lacked authority to award attorney's fees after the plaintiff had voluntarily dismissed his complaint prior to service of an answer or a motion for summary judgment. The order dated January 22, 2009, is affirmed.

So ordered.