TIMOTHY McCARTHY vs. STREET COMMISSIONERS OF THE CITY OF BOSTON.

MORTON, J. This is a petition for a writ of mandamus by the owner of land on Pontiac Street in Boston to compel the mayor, the board of street commissioners, and the superintendent of streets to proceed forth with to construct Pontiac Street or, in the alternative, to compel its discontinuance. The case was heard by a single justice who found the facts, and it comes here on a report and reservation by him "as to what order shall be made in the premises."

From the facts found it appears that Pontiac Street was laid out in November, 1899, in part at least over a private way or road called McCarthy Place, built by the petitioner at his own expense to open up his rear land. The work of construction was begun and then suspended, and nothing has been done since November, 1900. There is no intention of resuming the work at present, but the construction of the street has not been abandoned and it is the intention to construct it at some future time. It further appears and is so found "that many streets laid out before, as well as since, Pontiac Street have not been constructed; that to construct them all would cost at least $700,000 more than the amounts appropriated for street construction, and would require borrowing money to an amount exceeding the debt limit; that in this state of things there has been no attempt to construct all such streets that have been laid out; that some streets laid out since this one have been constructed, and that of the

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appropriation there still remains more than enough to construct this street unless it be exhausted by the payment of land damages already awarded for other streets and for money required fully to perform other contracts for street construction in existence and partially carried out." And as to that the presiding justice found "that it would be exhausted by the payment of the sums thus required fully to perform contracts and for said land damages (if all are payable), but it would not be so far exhausted as not to leave enough for the construction of this street by the requirement of the contracts simply, and it did not appear what portion of the land damages were yet payable." It is further found that it is the intention to construct other streets, so that no part of the appropriation will be available for or used for this street. There is nothing to show that the use of the petitioner's land or of McCarthy Place bas been or is substantially obstructed by the work done or the condition in which the street has been left. The damages caused to the petitioner by the laying out of the street have been assessed under proceedings instituted by him in November, 1900. The expense of constructing the street will be large and the law under which the street was laid out has since been declared unconstitutional so far as relates to betterment assessments so that the city has not had the benefit of the funds which it presumably thus expected to receive.

The respondents concede that, when a way is laid out, the public authorities required by law to build it are bound to construct it within a reasonable time, and they do not contend that mandamus will not lie at the instance of an abutter, in a proper case, to compel the performance of this duty. It seems to have been assumed without question that it would in Como v. Worcester, 177 Mass. 543, Metcalf v. Mayor & City Council of Boston, 158 Mass. 284, Cambridge v. County Commissioners, 125 Mass. 529, and in Richards v. County Commissioners, 120 Mass. 401, the writ was ordered to issue on the petition of eight inbabitants of the town of Attleborough that the county commissioners be required to construct a street which had been located anew, but which the town bad refused to complete under the commissioners' order. It does not appear from the published report of the case whether the petitioners were abutters or not, although it

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perhaps may be inferred from the statement in the opinion, that the expense could be assessed upon the petitioners or upon the town or county, that they were. Although originally a prerogative writ, a petition for a writ of mandamus may now be brought by any one having a private right, for the enforcement of which the law provides no other adequate and effectual remedy, and where there would otherwise be a failure of justice. See Selectmen of Gardner v. Templeton Street Railway, 184 Mass. 294, 297. And it has been held by the Supreme Court of the United States in Union Pacific Railroad v. Hall, 91 U. S. 343, 354 et seq., that it can be sued out by a private person to enforce the performance of a public duty, contrary to a dictum by Chief Justice Shaw in Wellington, petitioner, 16 Pick. 87, 105. In this State the petition for a writ of mandamus bas been assimilated by provisions in regard to indorsement, costs and the recovery of damages, to original writs and other processes issuing as of right. R. L. c. 173, § 39; c. 192, § 5. In the present case the petitioner has no other adequate and effectual remedy, and unless he can bring a petition for a writ of mandamus there would or might be a failure of justice. We think that the petition is properly brought by him. The issuing of the writ, however, is not a matter of right, but of sound judicial discretion. Murray v. Stevens, 110 Mass. 95. Hill v. County Commissioners, 4 Gray 414. The ground on which the petitioner asks for the issue of the writ is the delay that has occurred in the construction of the street, the further delay which will take place unless the writ issues, and the loss to which presumably he will be and has been subjected by the delay in not being able to open up and develop his land. We have been referred to no statute and we know of none which requires streets to be constructed within a stated time after they are laid out. There is a provision that the laying out shall be void as against the owner unless possession is taken for the purpose of constructing the way within two years after the right to take possession accrues. R. L. c. 48, § 92. Pub. Sts. c. 49, § 88. But this does not require the way to be completed within two years, but only that entry shall be made on some part of it within that time for the purpose of constructing it. That has been done in this case. In the absence of any statute fixing the time within which a street shall be

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constructed after it is laid out and has been begun, the most that an abutter can claim is that it should be built within a reasonable time or abandoned. The question then is whether, taking all of the circumstances into account, it can be said as matter of law that there has been unreasonable delay in building this street, and we are of opinion that it cannot. It is to be presumed that the public authorities have acted and will continue to act in good faith. The delay may be accounted for, in part at least, by the disarrangement in the plans of the authorities which naturally would be caused by having the law under which betterment assessments had been laid declared unconstitutional. There is nothing to show that there is any urgent public necessity for the immediate completion of the street. Its importance as compared with other streets that have been laid out does not appear. Much must necessarily be left to the judgment and discretion of the authorities as to the order in which streets shall be built after they have been laid out, and the time within which they shall be completed after their construction has been begun. Circumstances may arise which could not be foreseen but which must be taken into account. The financial question is or may be an important one. In the present case, it is found that to build all of the streets that have been laid out would cost at least $700,000, or more than the amounts appropriated for street construction, and would require the borrowing of money in excess of the debt limit. It is found also, as already observed, that it is the intention to construct the street at some time in the future. The petitioner has not been and is not substantially obstructed in the use of his land or of McCarthy Place by the work that has been done. His damages for the laying out have been assessed, and for aught that appears the city has paid them or is liable therefor. No such situation is disclosed, it seems to us, as requires that the city should be compelled to proceed with the construction of the street or discontinue it (assuming without deciding that the city could be compelled by mandamus to discontinue a street) and thereby lose all that it has done and all that it has paid or will be obliged to pay. See Boston Water Power Co. v. Mayor & City Council of Boston, 143 Mass. 546.

Petition dismissed with costs.

W. R. Sears & A. Lincoln, for the petitioner.

S. H. Hudson, for the respondents.