JOHN P. LEAHY v. STREET COMMISSIONERS OF THE CITY OF BOSTON.

RUGG, J. This is a petition for a writ of certiorari [Note 1] to quash proceedings in assessing certain betterments for the construction of Columbia Road in the city of Boston. The general legality of assessments for Columbia Road was upheld in Morse v. Street Commissioners, 197 Mass. 292.

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The present petitioner relies for relief upon these undisputed facts: The portion of Columbia Road where his estates lie, being about sixteen hundred feet in length, was taken in 1892 for a public park by the park commissioners of Boston, and was laid out and constructed as a parkway and called Dorchesterway under an act which authorized the assessment of betterments. A settlement was made between the city and the owners at that time, whereby a gross sum was paid them, and the city agreed to construct a roadway and walk, to which the owners of the estates in perpetuity could have access, and a conveyance was made to the city upon condition that if any betterments were assessed upon their estates on account of the laying out and construction of said park they should be assumed by the city of Boston. In 1897 the street commissioners of Boston laid out Columbia Road as a highway from Franklin Park to Marine Park, a distance of about five miles, which, so far as it affects the petitioner, was superimposed upon Dorchesterway. All of Dorchesterway except twenty feet in width was designated by the order laying out Columbia Road and under the authority of the statute as being under the "charge and control" of the park commissioners as a parkway. No physical change has been made in the portion of Columbia Road adjacent to the petitioner's estate which was formerly Dorchesterway.

It is assumed in favor of the petitioner that this is an appropriate procedure by which to raise the questions argued. See Weston v. Railroad Commissioners, 205 Mass. 94, 98, and cases cited. Columbia Road was laid out as a single new continuous way throughout its entire length by the action of the street commissioners. Although the words "to lay out" may be of somewhat varying significance dependent upon their context, in this connection they mean to fix the termini and prescribe the boundaries of the highway, and to establish it as a public easement of travel, with all the incidental uses thereby implied, by official act of the lawfully constituted authorities. The grade and the extent, material, manner and time of construction may also be prescribed in the order of layout, though these details are not commonly essential to the validity of an original laying out. Como v. Worcester, 177 Mass. 543. Foster v. Park Commissioners, 133 Mass. 321. Fuller v. Mayor & Aldermen of Springfield, 123 Mass. 289.

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Hitchcock v. Aldermen of Springfield, 121 Mass. 382. Peabody v. Boston & Providence Railroad, 181 Mass. 76, 81. Because the new way happens for a comparatively short distance to be coincident with a pre-existing way does not prevent it from being a wholly new layout. The old and lesser is swallowed up in the new and larger thoroughfare. The old in this instance was not a full highway, but a parkway subject to its inherent limitations as such. The new way is public in its broad sense, and hence different in kind from that previously existing. The fact that there has been no physical change in the portion of the street upon which the petitioner's land abuts is of no significance. His land is within the territory defined by the statute as liable to a benefit. The assessment is levied not for a particular section of construction, but, for the layout and construction of the road as a whole. The burden of expense is apportioned proportionately on all land within the benefited area as established by the Legislature and not according to the expense of a special part upon adjacent land. The project was an entity, portions of which were perhaps much more expensive than others, but the benefit of being incorporated into this single street unit is assessed, even though some abutting landowners may have much preferred to have been left alone with their former facility of approach, and even though a short section may have been so wrought at an earlier time as to need no change in order to adapt it for the use in the new way.

It is not contended that the question of fact as to the amount of benefit received by the petitioner's estates may be inquired into in this proceeding, but it is urged that it can be said as matter of law that no benefit accrued to the estates of the petitioner by reason of the new layout. This position cannot be supported. Giving full weight to the suggestions arising from the restrictions placed upon lots in the neighborhood designed to preserve them to residential uses and the advantages flowing to houses of that character from location upon a parkway, it does not follow that under no conceivable circumstances could a benefit arise from the establishment of a public way upon the locus of the parkway. It is possible that under some conditions residential estates might receive advantage from abutting upon a long public avenue rather than upon a short parkway. This

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is a question of fact to be tried out in appropriate proceedings, and raises no issue of law upon this record.

Petition dismissed.

J. P. Leahy, (F. T. Leahy with him,) for the petitioner.

T. M. Babson, for the respondents.