WARREN C. BLAKE, executor, v. FLORENCE M. ROGERS.

WRIT OF ENTRY to recover possession of certain land on Pratt Street in that part of the town of Framingham called South Framingham. Writ dated February 5, 1909.

In the Land Court the case was heard by Clark, J., who, on December 30, 1909, filed the following memorandum:

"The demandant to show his title introduced a sheriffs deed, dated May 12, 1909, recorded September 1st, 1909, purporting to convey to him, the demandant, all the right, title and interest which George W. and Alice H. Cutler, or either of them, had in the demanded premises on the 23rd day of March, 1909. He offered no evidence of the truth of the recitals contained in said deed nor did he offer evidence to show that said Cutlers, or either of them, had any right, title or interest in the demanded premises on said 23rd day of March, 1909, or at any other time. I ruled therefore at the request of the tenant that the demandant was not entitled to recover. Judgment for the tenant."

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The demandant appealed to the Superior Court, where the case was tried before Fox, J., upon issues, as to only one of which there was any dispute between the parties, namely, whether the recitals contained in the sheriff's deed hereinafter described were true.

The demandant, to prove his title, relied upon a sheriff's deed. No question was raised as to the execution and delivery of the deed or the title of the execution debtor or the identity of the land demanded with that described in the deed. A certified copy of the execution under which the alleged sale was made was introduced in evidence, and also, subject to an exception of the tenant, a certified copy of the officer's return thereon and of amendments to the return. The judgment debtors were described in the execution as "George W. Cutler and Alice H. Cutler of Boston in the county of Suffolk." Material portions of the return as amended were as follows:

"Middlesex, ss.

"By virtue of this Execution, I this day at three o'clock in the afternoon seized and took as the property of the within named Judgment Debtors George W. Cutler and Alice H. Cutler or either of them all the right, title and interest which they or either of them have in and to the following described parcel of real estate the record title of which stands in the name of Florence M. Rogers, to wit . . . [here followed a description of the land in controversy] . . . and afterward within three days I deposited an attested copy of this Execution with so much of my return thereon as relates to said taking into the office of the Registry of Deeds, at Cambridge within and for the southern district of the county of Middlesex, and on the twenty-sixth day of said March being thirty days before the time appointed for the sale hereinafter mentioned I gave notice of the time and place of sale to the said George W. Cutler and Alice H. Cutler by sending to their address in Boston, prepaid by registered letters, each a copy of said notice, [Note 1] [the said George W. Cutler and Alice H. Cutler not residing within my precinct and not being found by me therein] and caused notifications thereof

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to be posted up in the following public places, to wit: at the Post Office in South Framingham being the Town where said land lies and at the Post Office in Natick and at the Post Office in Marlborough and adjoining Town and City and afterward caused an advertisement of the time and place of sale, to be published three weeks successively before said sale, in the Marlboro Times, a newspaper printed in Marlborough in said County, to wit on the eighth, fifteenth and twenty second day of April 1909 and on the eighth day of May 1909 at eleven o'clock in the forenoon at the premises above described, the time and place appointed for said sale as aforesaid, I sold the said right, title, and interest, by public auction to Warren C. Blake Executor, as within named, who bid therefor the sum of twenty-five hundred dollars, which was the highest bid made therefore and I have made executed acknowledged and delivered to the said Warren C. Blake Executor, a good and sufficient deed of said right, title and interest . . . [here followed a statement as to the application of the amount received from the purchaser] . . . Chas. G. Whitman, deputy sheriff." The return was sworn to before an assistant clerk of courts.

The objections of the tenant to the admission of the return in evidence were that the return "did not sufficiently set forth . . . (1) that written notice had been given to the debtors, (2) that a copy of said written notice had been mailed and addressed to the debtors at their residence as described in the execution, (3) that a notice of said sale had been posted, (4) that a notice of said sale had been published, (5) that a notice of said sale was published in a newspaper in Middlesex County."

The tenant offered in evidence the report of the judge of the Land Court set out above, and, both parties having rested, asked the presiding judge to rule that there was "no evidence to support the truth of the recitals in the deed of the sheriff." The ruling was refused.

The presiding judge instructed the jury in substance that through the return on the execution the demandant had offered evidence of the steps taken in making the title, and that evidence had been offered tending to show that the recitals in that return were true and that no evidence had been offered to the contrary on that point, and therefore that they were warranted in bringing

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in answers favorable to the demandant on the issues. The jury found accordingly; and the tenant alleged exceptions.

The case was submitted on briefs.

J. P. Dexter, for the tenant.

C. F. Choate, J. L. Hall & R. A. Stewart, for the demandant.

BRALEY, J. The execution with the amended return making it conformable to the truth was admissible to prove the recitals in the sheriff's deed under which the demandant claimed title to the premises. Child's v. Barrows, 9 Met. 413. Sawyer v. Harmon, 136 Mass. 414. Hunneman v. Phelps, 207 Mass. 439. But unless it appeared therefrom, that in making the levy and sale, the requirements of the statute had been followed, the judgment debtors had not been divested of their estate. Rand v. Cutler, 155 Mass. 451, 453. By R. L. c. 178, § 28, a notice of the time and place of sale must be posted in the city or town where the land lies, and in two adjoining cities or towns if there are so many in the county, and, the debtors having been described in the execution as residing in another county, it was also necessary under § 44 to send by mail, postpaid and addressed to each of them at their residence as described in the execution, a written or printed notice of the sale. R. L. c. 8, § 5, cl. 25. It is the purpose of the statute, that the debtor shall be notified in order that he may fully protect his interests at the auction, or prevent the sale by payment of the judgment with accrued costs.

The proceedings indeed must conform to the statute, but no set form of words is prescribed by which compliance must be manifested. The errors relied on by the tenant as to the posting of the notice and service upon the defendants go rather to the form of expression used by the levying officer than to the substance of the statute, and the verbal departures in the return from the literal wording of the statute do not affect the truth of the recitals of what had been done, and in these particulars the statements show with sufficient certainty, that he acted in conformity with it. Owen v. Neveau, 128 Mass. 427. Sawyer v. Harmon, 136 Mass. 414, 415. Holmes v. Jordan, 163 Mass. 147, 148, 149.

"The officer shall also cause a notice of the time and place of sale to be published three weeks successively before the sale in a newspaper, if any, published in the county in which the land

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lies." R. L. c. 178, § 28. If the use of the word "advertisement" in the return, instead of "notice," when referring to the act of publication was not a fatal variance for reasons already given, the tenant urges, that because the return further states, that the sale was published in a newspaper "printed" in the county, the statute was violated and the levy was fatally defective. The time and place of sale are to be made known and advertised to the community for the purpose of attracting purchasers and to prevent secret and collusive transfers to the injury of the debtor or of other attaching creditors or of incumbrancers. A newspaper which merely circulates within the county, although it might be an effectual medium of publicity, is not within the statute, if there be a newspaper "published in the county in which the land lies." The Legislature has not defined the sense in which the word is here used, but it is to be construed according to the common and approved usage of the language. R. L. c. 8, § 4, cl . 3. Obviously it refers to its local habitation and the notice must be inserted in a newspaper printed and issued within the county. In ordinary signification the phrase "published and printed" when used in connection with books, magazines and newspapers bearing the imprint of a town or city denotes the place where the press work is done and the publication is issued. Bayer v. Hoboken, 15 Vroom, 131; S. C. 16 Vroom, 185. State v. Bass, 97 Maine, 484. It is thus defined in R. L. c. 13, § 1, now St. 1909, c. 490, Part II, § 1, requiring collectors of taxes to give notice of the time and place of sale of land for payment of taxes by publication. "Publication . . . shall mean the act of printing ... in a newspaper published in the city or town, if any, otherwise in the county, where the land or other property ... is situated." Connors v. Lowell, 209 Mass. 111, 119. Our previous statutes relating to the seizure and sale of lands on execution when examined confirm this interpretation. The original act of 1798, c. 77, §§ 3, 4, providing for the attachment and sale of an equity of redemption which was re-enacted without material change in phraseology in Rev. Sta. c. 73, § 39, Gen. Sts. c. 103, § 41, and the Pub. Sts. c. 172, § 29, required, that "an advertisement of the time and place of sale, to be published ... in some public newspaper, printed in the county in which such real estate lies, if any such newspaper shall be there printed." The R. L. c. 178, § 28, with

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the exception that "published" is substituted for "printed," made no change, and if susceptible of more than one construction it should be construed with the preceding statutes of which it is not a repeal, but a re-enactment. R. L. c. 226, § 2. Bent v. Hubbardston, 138 Mass. 99, 100. Franks v. Edinberg, 185 Mass. 49, 53.

The return leaves nothing to be inferred as to the steps taken. It specifically and aptly recites, that in the mode prescribed the time and place of sale were published in a newspaper printed in the county, and on the face of the record no error is disclosed.

The essential elements of a valid sale having been put in evidence, the judge properly declined to give the tenant's request, that the truth of the recitals in the sheriff's deed had not been shown. Welsh v. Joy, 13 Pick. 477.

The jury also were correctly instructed, that the evidence, if believed, warranted an affirmative answer to the second issue which raised the only questions presented by the exceptions. It is settled, that extrinsic evidence was not admissible to contradict or control the return on the execution Sykes v. Keating, 118 Mass. 517, 520. And the decision of the associate judge of the Land Court moreover having contained no findings of fact, but only a ruling of law, it had no evidentiary value under St. 1905, c. 288. DePonta v. Driscoll, 200 Mass. 225, 226.

Exceptions overruled.