GURGY SANJEAN vs. MAX HYMAN.

COX, J. Two questions are presented by this appeal of the defendant from the order of the Appellate Division dismissing the report of the trial judge: (1) Was the plaintiff's

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automobile properly registered? (2) Was she bound by the admitted negligence of her son who was operating her automobile in which she was riding at the time of her injury on June 2, 1937?

The trial judge found that the registration was legal and that the plaintiff had "turned over all control of the automobile to her son"; and he found for the plaintiff. There was evidence that the plaintiff on January 1, 1937, and for many years prior thereto, lived at 287 Salem Street, Medford, Massachusetts, and that her mail address was 5 Allen Court, Medford, which was the home of her son. The application dated January 1, 1937, and admittedly signed by the plaintiff, for registration of her automobile was in evidence. In the boxed space at the top of the application is typewritten the following: "Gurgy Sanjean 287 Salem St Medford Mass." Space "11" for "Massachusetts residential address . . ." is blank. In space "11A," for "Mail address, if different . . ." is typewritten 5 ALLEN COURT, MEDFORD, MASSACHUSETTS. At the top of the certificate of the insurance company, which is a part of the exhibit, and upon which is printed "DO NOT DETACH," appears in typewriting: "Print Name Gurgy Sanjean Residential Address 287 Salem Street Medford City." Upon the certificate of registration which was issued to the plaintiff by the registry of motor vehicles, the following appears: OWNER'S NAME AND ADDRESS Name Gurgy Sanjean Street 5 Allen Court City Medford, Mass." and over "Give residential address on this line if it differs from mail address," appears "287 Salem St., Medford, Mass."

G.L. (Ter. Ed.) c. 90, Section 2, requires that the application and certificate of registration shall contain "the name, place of residence and address of the applicant." "One object of this legislative scheme for registration of automobiles is that there may be upon the public records an easy means of identification of the automobile and its owner." Doyle v. Goldberg, 294 Mass. 105, 107. "Each of these documents [the application and certificate] is an essential part of the legislative plan for the registration

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of motor vehicles. The object of that plan is to insure at all times easy identification of the vehicle and its owner. The application is the basis of the public record which remains open for inspection in the office of the registrar. The certificate (except in the case of a dealer) must accompany the vehicle for use on the road." Brodmerkle v. Gorolsky, 293 Mass. 517, 518. The applicant is the source of the information contained in the application and registration. Lappanasse v. Loomis, 297 Mass. 290, 293. The certificate of registration is issued by the registrar to the applicant. G.L. (Ter. Ed.) c. 90, Section 2.

We are of opinion that the plaintiff's automobile was properly registered apart from any consideration of the provisions of G.L. (Ter. Ed.) c. 90, Section 9, as amended by St. 1934, c. 361. The application contained a statement of the "Residential address" of the plaintiff. The registrar of motor vehicles appears to have had no difficulty in so reading the application. The certificate issued by him gives the correct residential address upon the line where it is required to be given "if it differs from mail address." The only real complaint of the defendant is that the residential address does not appear in the proper line provided for it in the application, but we think it is clear that the ordinary person examining the application at the registry would have no difficulty in determining the plaintiff's residence. The address "5 Allen Court" is unmistakably given in the space that calls for "Mail address" if this address is different from the residential address. We think it follows that the ordinary person would, without any difficulty, reasonably conclude from an inspection of the application that the plaintiff's residential address was 287 Salem Street, Medford, Massachusetts. In view of the fact that the applicant is the source of the information contained in the application for registration, we think it follows reasonably that she must be considered as having adopted as her own the information contained in it and is entitled to the benefit of whatever appears. "The purpose of this requirement [as to registration] is to identify the owner. A descriptive statement by which he can readily

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be found in the community must be given. Variations from the literal terms of the statute not affecting in material particulars this purpose do not invalidate the registration . . . ." Topf v. Holland, 288 Mass. 552, 554. This case upon the point under discussion is distinguishable from Gray v. Hatch, 299 Mass. 105, and the cases there cited, some of which have been referred to in the defendant's brief.

It follows that there was no error in the refusal of the trial judge to rule that the plaintiff "illegally registered a motor vehicle."

There was no error in the refusal to rule that the negligence of the operator of the plaintiff's automobile barred recovery by the plaintiff. The defendant contends that the plaintiff, as matter of law, had the right to control the automobile or the right to exercise control, and that the negligence of her son, the operator, therefore, barred her recovery.

There was evidence that the plaintiff purchased the automobile in question in June, 1932; that at the time of the injury she was about eighty years of age, partially blind and "had an advanced case of arteriosclerosis"; that she was unable to read or write English, had never had a license to operate a motor vehicle, and had never operated one; that her son was the only operator of the automobile; that he kept the keys and certificate of registration and had paid the garage expenses for the two years preceding; and that the automobile was not garaged at the home of the plaintiff. On the day of the injury the plaintiff's son had the automobile for some purpose of his own and asked his father and mother if they wished to go for a drive. He had the automobile with the plaintiff's consent and she and her husband were driven to Stoneham "on affairs of the son." "He was not in his mother's employ and he was not her agent during the trip." On the way home, while the plaintiff was a passenger on the front seat beside the operator, her son, the accident happened. As was pointed out in the case of Wheeler v. Darmochwat, 280 Mass. 553, 558, "The mere concurrent facts of ownership and of occupancy

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of an automobile do not predicate liability for its operation by another without the further fact that the owner retained the right and power to control the manner in which it was to be driven." In the case of Deyette v. Boston Elevated Railway, 297 Mass. 129, at page 132, it was said that "It is true, as a general rule of law, that the test of the existence of the relationship of master and servant is the right of control and not the actual exercise of control." The court held, however, that, upon the evidence in that case, the jury could have found that "on the day of the accident the plaintiff had surrendered to her son the control of the automobile in which she was riding." (Page 133.) We think it was a question of fact whether the plaintiff retained a right to control the automobile. Wheeler v. Darmochwat, 280 Mass. 553, 558. Foley v. Hurley, 288 Mass. 354, 356. Guy v. Union Street Railway, 289 Mass. 225, 230. Deyette v. Boston Elevated Railway, 297 Mass. 129. Kingsbury v. Terry, 300 Mass. 516.

Order dismissing report affirmed.