EUGENE H. LORD vs. ANNE W. CUMMINGS.

COX, J. The petitioner brought a petition in equity in the Probate Court for Plymouth County in which he alleged, among other things, that the respondent, who on April 7, 1930, was granted a decree nisi on a libel for divorce against him, and also the custody of their minor children, which decree became absolute, had caused the minor children to adopt and use another name than their own without the authority or action of any court. He prayed for an injunction to restrain the respondent from doing any thing to effectuate a change in the lawful names of their minor children. The respondent demurred to the petition, and a decree was entered sustaining the demurrer and dismissing the petition without prejudice to the right of the petitioner to raise the issue stated in any other proceeding. The petitioner appealed.

If we assume, without deciding, that the subject matter of this petition comes within the general principles of equity jurisprudence, nevertheless we are of the opinion

Page 458

that the Probate Court has no jurisdiction. It was the duty of the Probate Court to consider such a point of its own motion. Baldwin v. Wilbraham, 140 Mass. 459. Commonwealth v. Andler, 247 Mass. 580, and cases cited. Jones v. Jones, 297 Mass. 198, 202. Golden v. Crawshaw, 302 Mass. 343.

It is well settled that at common law a person may assume or be known by different names, and that contracts and transactions entered into under such names will be valid and binding if unaffected by fraud. Minot v. Curtis, 7 Mass. 441. William Gilligan Co. v. Casey, 205 Mass. 26, 31. See Rand v. Farquhar, 226 Mass. 91, 97; Liddell v. Middlesex Motor Co. 275 Mass. 346, 352; Farnum v. Bankers & Shippers Ins. Co. 281 Mass. 364, 369; Bridges v. Hart, 302 Mass. 239. G.L. (Ter. Ed.) c. 210, Section 12, provides that a petition for the change of name of a person may be heard by the Probate Court in the county where the petitioner resides, and that no change of the name of a person, except upon the adoption of a child under the provisions of said c. 210 or upon the marriage or divorce of a woman, shall be lawful unless made by said court for a sufficient reason consistent with public interests. The first statute enacted in this Commonwealth upon this subject matter was St. 1851, c. 256, by which, among other things, the judges of probate were given power to hear and determine all applications for change of name (Section 1).

G.L. (Ter. Ed.) c. 215, Section 3, sets out the matters within the general jurisdiction of probate courts including petitions "for change of names." Section 6 of said c. 215, as amended by St. 1937, c. 257, provides that probate courts shall have jurisdiction in equity, concurrent with the Supreme Judicial Court and the Superior Court, of certain specified matters, and of all other matters of which they now have or may hereafter be given jurisdiction, together with certain other matters therein enumerated, but not including either directly or indirectly petitions for change of name or any matters relating thereto.

Probate courts are not courts of general equity jurisdiction. "They have equity jurisdiction only in those

Page 459

cases where it is expressly conferred upon them. . . ." Bailey v. Dillon, 186 Mass. 244, 247. "The powers of the court of probate are for the most part defined and fixed by statutes. . . . It has no equity powers, except where they are conferred by statute. . . ." Sullings v. Richmond, 5 Allen 187, 192; and the "jurisdiction conferred on probate courts by this statute [G.L. (Ter. Ed.) c. 215, Section 6] . . . is limited to `jurisdiction within the scope of general equity jurisprudence as to the cases and matters therein named.' Abbott v. Gaskins, 181 Mass. 501, 505." Jones v. Jones, 297 Mass. 198, 203. See Mitchell v. Weaver, 242 Mass. 331, 336. The situation is different from that in the case of petitions for separate support brought under G.L. (Ter. Ed.) c. 209, Section 32 (see St. 1938, c. 136), where, by Section 33 of said chapter (as amended by St. 1933, c. 360) Section 33 of G.L. (Ter. Ed.) c. 208 (as amended by St. 1936, c. 221) is made applicable to such petitions. Said Section 33 of c. 208, as amended, provides that the court may, if the course of proceeding is not specially prescribed, hear and determine all matters coming within the purview of said chapter, which relates to divorce, according to the course of proceedings in ecclesiastical courts or in courts of equity, see Bailey v. Dillon, 186 Mass. 244, 247, 248, and in such proceedings (for divorce) the court shall have jurisdiction of all causes cognizable under the general principles of equity jurisprudence, arising between husband and wife, such jurisdiction to be exercised in accordance with the usual course of practice in equity proceedings. We think that the provisions for the change of names appearing in G.L. (Ter. Ed.) c. 210, distinct and apart, as they are, from G.L. (Ter. Ed.) c. 208, entitled "Divorce," and G.L. (Ter. Ed.) c. 209, entitled "Husband and Wife," are not the subject matter of any equity jurisdiction on the part of the probate courts.

The result is that the appeal to this court is dismissed. Henry L. Sawyer Co. v. Boyajian, ante, 311, 314-315, and cases cited.

Ordered accordingly.