DONALD A. GRANT & others vs. ALDERMEN OF NORTHAMPTON.

QUA, J. The newly elected mayor of Northampton died a few days after he took office at the beginning of the year 1944. By stipulation of the parties the only question to be decided is whether the board of aldermen are now bound to issue their warrant for an election to fill the vacancy.

General Laws (Ter. Ed.) c. 39, Section 6, reads in part: "If there is a vacancy in the board of aldermen, in the common council, or in a city or ward office which is to be filled by an election of the people, the board of aldermen shall issue their warrant for an election to fill such vacancy at a time and place designated by them." The city had "accepted corresponding provisions of earlier laws" within the meaning of those words in another sentence of Section 6. Section 6 is a general statute intended to take effect in all cities of the Commonwealth which have accepted it or which have accepted corresponding provisions of earlier laws, or at least in all such cities in respect to which, as in the case of Northampton, there is no special statutory provision to the contrary. The office of mayor is a city office. It follows that by the express terms of Section 6 it has become the duty of the board of aldermen to issue their warrant for an election. The word "shall" is a word of command and leaves no discretion in the board to refuse to carry out the statutory mandate. Elmer v. Commissioner of Insurance, 304 Mass. 194, 196.

There is nothing in c. 39, Section 5, or in the history of Sections 5 and 6 which should lead to a contrary result. Section 5 provides that, except as otherwise provided by city charters, upon the death, resignation, or absence of the mayor or his inability to perform the duties of his office other officers successively named shall perform those duties. The temporary tenure of the officer upon whom the duties devolve is recognized

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in Section 5 by designating him as "acting mayor" and by the provision that he "shall possess the powers of mayor only in matters not admitting of delay, and shall not make permanent appointments." The only reference in the charter of Northampton to a vacancy in the office of mayor provides that "In case of a vacancy in the office of mayor, or of his inability to act, the president of the board of aldermen shall act as mayor until the inability ceases or the vacancy is filled." St. 1883, c. 250, Section 9. As to vacancies in the city council see Section 10. Even if this charter provision relative to a vacancy in the office of mayor is so worded as to relieve the acting mayor of Northampton of the limitations upon his exercise of the powers of the office of mayor which are imposed upon acting mayors in general by G. L. (Ter. Ed.) c. 39, Section 5 (Ryan v. Boston, 204 Mass. 456, 459), nevertheless the provision recognizes the temporary tenure of the acting mayor by ending his powers when the inability of the mayor to act ceases or the vacancy is filled. There is nothing in G. L. (Ter. Ed.) c. 39, Section 5, or in the city charter that alters the duty of the board of aldermen to provide for the election of a mayor as commanded by G. L. (Ter. Ed.) c. 39, Section 6. Section 6 must be construed in accordance with its present wording and not necessarily as if it still read as did one of its predecessor sections, Pub. Sts. c. 28, Section 19, which contained a provision for the calling of an election "When it appears to the mayor and aldermen that there is a vacancy . . . either in their board . . . or in a city or ward office." Whatever construction would have been given to a section so worded (and we do not imply that it would have been different, since "mayor and aldermen" long meant "board of aldermen," St. 1882, c. 164; R. L. c. 8, Section 5, Tenth), the change to substantially the present wording, which was effected by G. L. c. 39, Section 6, must be recognized, and the section must be fairly construed as it now reads. The construction of the statute contended for by the respondents would lead to the strange result that although the board of aldermen must issue a warrant for an election to fill some comparatively minor city office, the commonly important office of mayor must sometimes, as

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in this case, remain for practically an entire term in the hands of one who has never been elected thereto. A construction of the statutes leading to such a result is not easily accepted.

A demurrer filed with the respondents' answer requires no separate discussion. The absence of further allegations as to provisions of the city charter is immaterial, since city charters are public laws of which the court takes notice, G. L. (Ter. Ed.) c. 233, Section 74; Framingham Homes, Inc. v. Dietz, 312 Mass. 471, 473, and in any event the demurrer was waived by submitting the case upon a "Stipulation and Agreed Statement of Facts" which amounted to a case stated. West Roxbury v. Minot, 114 Mass. 546. Hull v. Adams, 286 Mass. 329, 333.

It is true that under Section 6 the time and place of the election are to be in the discretion of the board of aldermen, exercised reasonably and in good faith, but this does not mean that the board can wholly refuse to perform its duty by fixing no time and place. See Crocker v. Justices of the Superior Court, 208 Mass. 162, 164-165; Dullea v. Selectmen of Peabody, 219 Mass. 196; Mengel v. Justices of the Superior Court, 313 Mass. 238, 243-244, and cases cited.

A writ must issue commanding the respondents to issue their warrant for an election to fill the vacancy in the office of mayor in accordance with G. L. (Ter. Ed.) c. 39, Section 6. The writ shall specify a date before which the election must be held, but shall afford an opportunity for the exercise of a reasonable discretion by the board as to time. The details of the writ are to be fixed by the single justice after further hearing.

So ordered.