CITY OF BOSTON & another vs. PHILIP H. COSGROVE & another.

QUA, C.J. This is a bill for declaratory relief brought by the city of Boston and its commissioner of public works against Cosgrove, who is employed by the city as a permanent assistant draw tender, and the commissioner of labor and industries.

General Laws (Ter. Ed.) c. 149, Section 33B, inserted by St. 1950, c. 653, provides in general for a five day week and an

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eight hour day for "all persons employed," with exceptions not here material, in cities and towns which have accepted the section, as Boston has. The section, however, contains a proviso reading, "provided, that service in excess of the days and hours aforesaid may be authorized by an officer of such city or town or by any other person whose duty it is to employ, direct or control such employees, and such additional service shall be compensated for as overtime." The question to be decided is whether this compensation for overtime must be paid in money or whether it may be made, in accordance with the present practice of the commissioner of public works with respect to assistant draw tenders, by granting to them at a time subsequently determined by the commissioner "compensatory time off on a straight time basis for the first eight hours of overtime service on a day other than days constituting part of the employee's regular service, and on a time and one half basis for other overtime."

The word compensate does not always refer to payment in money. Its meanings are many and varied, depending upon the subject matter and the context. But in a statute like the one with which we are now concerned relating to compensation for overtime work and applying to employees of cities and towns most of whom are probably engaged in some form of manual labor or clerical service it is not easy to suppose that the Legislature had in mind any kind of compensation other than the usual and common form of payment in money. A sentence near the end of the same section reads, "The compensation payable to any employee shall not be reduced by reason of acceptance of this section." The expression "compensation payable" is hardly an apt one to use in reference to compensation by "time off." There is something odd in the idea that an employee is to be compensated for extra time spent in working by means of "time off" whenever the officer in charge shall determine. The statute does not require that overtime be balanced on some subsequent occasion by "time off." The statute requires that it "shall be compensated for as overtime."

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In at least two instances where the Legislature has desired that time beyond the regular working period should be made up by "time off" it has clearly so provided in express words. G. L. (Ter. Ed.) c. 30, Section 24, as appearing in St. 1946, c. 408, Section 24A, as appearing in St. 1948, c. 498, and as amended by St. 1953, c. 400.

It appears from facts agreed that the "time off" has sometimes not been granted for a year or more after the overtime work was performed, and that in March of 1954 Cosgrove had not yet been compensated for thirteen days of overtime service rendered by him in 1952 and 1953. It does not seem likely that the Legislature intended a method of compensation that could produce such results.

Decree affirmed with costs of this appeal.