MYRON BLANCHARD'S CASE.

CUTTER, J. This is an appeal by an insurer from a decree awarding compensation to the employee. The principal present contentions of the insurer are (1) that, while the injury arose in the course of the employment, it did not arise out of it; (2) that the board erred in not finding the employee guilty of serious and wilful misconduct; and (3) that the trial judge erred in denying a motion of the insurer for recommittal of the case to the board to take further evidence.

The injury was found by the single member (whose findings were adopted by the reviewing board) to have occurred in the following manner. The employee quarreled with one Quick, a fellow employee, "over the possession of a new spreader for a spray gun owned by their employer." Quick accused the employee of taking the spreader from him, and, in the course of an argument which followed the employee's refusal to relinquish the spreader, blows were exchanged between them, causing the injuries here under consideration. It was found also that "the injury arose out of and in the course of the employment since the fight had its origin in the nature and conditions of the employment and who struck the first blow is immaterial." The evidence warranted this finding and the subsidiary findings.

This type of injury was very fully discussed in Dillon's Case, 324 Mass. 102, 105-111, and it was there held that compensation could be paid to an injured employee, who struck the first blow in a fight during a dispute relating to

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aspects of the work in which both the combatants were engaged. There, to be sure, the injured employee was a minor foreman or gang leader, acting in what he conceived to be the interests of his employer, and trying to obtain maximum work from his subordinates. Here, the two combatant employees were apparently of equal grade. In Dillon's Case no weapons were used in a fight which grew out of a long smoldering resentment of the injured employee's methods of supervising work. Here, in a suddenly exploding quarrel, both participants in their volatile wrath at each other grabbed tools near at hand as weapons and used them, rather than their bare fists, to inflict injury.

The difference just mentioned, between Dillon's Case and the case now before us, do not seem to us to be significant. In certain types of industrial employment, human nature being what it is, quarrels incidental to the employment cannot be regarded as improbable and unforeseeable risks of the occupation. Dillon's Case establishes that the courts will sustain decisions of the Industrial Accident Board awarding compensation, when supported by reasonable evidence of injuries from fights occurring during the ordinary routine of employment and in connection with incidents of that employment. We do not intend to suggest that particular conduct of individual employees, under special circumstances not shown by this record, may not present in the future situations where the principles of Dillon's Case will not be applicable.

General Laws (Ter. Ed.) c. 152, Section 27, as appearing in St. 1935, c. 331, reads: "If the employee is injured by reason of his serious and wilful misconduct, he shall not receive compensation; but this provision shall not bar compensation to his dependents if the injury results in death." The insurer now contends that the employee is barred from recovery by Section 27 and that the single member and the reviewing board erred in not finding Blanchard guilty of serious and wilful misconduct, or at least in failing to make such specific and complete subsidiary findings as would enable

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this court to determine whether the ultimate findings were based on correct principles of law. In Dillon's Case, 324 Mass. 102, 110, it was held that the subsidiary findings there made did not, as a matter of law, establish serious and wilful misconduct on the part of the employee and the court declined to set aside as unwarranted an express finding by the board that there had been no serious and wilful misconduct by the employee. There is, however, in the present case no express finding by the single member or the reviewing board that the conduct of the injured employee was not "serious and wilful." On the basis of the material evidence reported in the present record in summary form, such an express finding would plainly have been warranted on the principles stated in Dillon's Case. We feel that, upon the facts here appearing, as to the extent to which any issue of serious or wilful misconduct was raised before the single member and the reviewing board, such a finding either was not required at all or may be regarded as implicit in the general finding and ruling that the injured employee is entitled to compensation and that, so considered, this implicit finding is consistent with the subsidiary findings.

It is by no means clear that the issue of serious and wilful misconduct was raised at all by the insurer before the single member and the reviewing board. Certainly nothing in the record would indicate that any issue under Section 27 was seriously argued there. It the insurer did not raise the issue there, it cannot complain now that the issue was not dealt with specifically, or in less general terms, in the single member's decision. See Korobchuk's Case, 277 Mass. 534, 536-538; Di Clavio's Case, 293 Mass. 259, 261; Akins's Case, 302 Mass. 562, 565-566; Demetre's Case, 322 Mass. 95, 101. See for an analogous situation Rich's Case, 301 Mass. 545, 547. If the insurer did raise the issue before the single member and the reviewing board, it should have taken appropriate steps to preserve in the record evidence of that action. See Charron's Case, 331 Mass. 519, 523.

This court will sustain the general finding of the reviewing board if possible (Demetre's Case, 322 Mass. 95, 98) and

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we should be slow to order that a case be recommitted to the board for amplification of its findings on an issue as to which the record does not show that the board, by proper procedural steps, was fairly put on notice that the issue was seriously in dispute. The insurer, to conform with good practice, should have made it plain at an early stage of proceedings before the single member that an issue under Section 27 was being seriously contested and that express findings on that issue were desired. [Note 1] The single member, of course, on her own motion, if there had been any reason to suppose that issues under Section 27 were being raised, should have made adequate subsidiary and ultimate findings on these issues, thus establishing a record upon which the Superior Court could determine with reasonable certainty whether correct rules of law had been applied to the facts. See Moore's Case, 330 Mass. 1, 5-6.

On ground of the insurer's motion to recommit was for further findings whether the injuries suffered by the employee arose because of "horseplay" on the part of the employee and another. The character of the conduct which gave rise to the injury was made abundantly clear by the subsidiary findings, based fairly on the evidence. There is no evidence which would warrant a finding of "horseplay" or "fooling." Compare Mailloux's Case, 328 Mass. 592, 594.

Costs under G. L. (Ter. Ed.) c. 152, Section 11A, inserted by St. 1945, c. 444, as amended by St. 1949, c. 372, shall be allowed by the single justice. The request made by the employee in his brief that the present appeal be regarded as frivolous within the meaning of G. L. (Ter. Ed.) c. 152, Section 14, as amended by St. 1953, c. 314, Section 6, is denied. The record presented a situation of fact on which there might be reasonable doubt whether the principles of Dillon's Case were applicable.

Decree affirmed.