THE SALISBURY WATER SUPPLY COMPANY vs. TOWN OF SALISBURY.

CUTTER, J. The plaintiff (the company) was organized under Sp. St. 1915, c. 243, to supply water in Salisbury. Its charter was amended by St. 1935, c. 357. By the 1915 act and by the 1935 amendment, the company was authorized

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to "make . . . contracts with . . . [the] town." From December 21, 1949, to October 2, 1956, the company made nine contracts with the town to construct water line extensions to serve premises and hydrants on certain streets. The company installed these extensions at an aggregate cost of $91,292.85. Each contract in effect provided that the town would annually pay to the company a sum which, when added to the company's operating revenues from the particular extension, would provide the company with a net return of six per cent (after taxes, expenses, and one per cent per year for depreciation) of the actual cost of the extension. [Note 1] The town through 1956 paid all amounts due under these contracts, except for a small balance due for the last six months of that year. The town appropriated each year through 1957, the most recent year here discussed, an amount sufficient to make the payments to the company under each contract. Recovery of the payments not made for the first six months of 1957 is sought in the first nine counts of the company's declaration. Another count deals with the unpaid 1956 balance.

An auditor, whose findings of fact were to be final, found for the company on all counts. The facts are stated upon the basis of his report. A motion to recommit his report for further findings was denied and a motion for judgment upon the auditor's report was allowed. The case is before us upon the town's exceptions to these actions.

1. It was not necessary to recommit the comprehensive auditor's report. One finding sought, with reference to the incorporation of the company as a privately owned water company, was established by the record. All the contracts

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and votes of the town are incorporated by reference in the auditor's report. We take judicial notice of the 1915 act incorporating the company and of its amendment in 1935, which are adequately referred to in the auditor's report. These statutes, by reason of the nature of the company's business, have general application throughout the town. See DiMaggio v. Mystic Bldg. Wrecking Co., 340 Mass. 686, 689. For reasons stated below, it would be irrelevant if true, in our view of the case, that there has been no increase in water rates for 2,259 water users in the town since 1950, [Note 2] and that, when certain of the contracts were made, there was no appropriation to cover expense for which the town was later to become liable under such contracts. Other findings sought by the motion to recommit have not been discussed in the town's brief.

2. A somewhat similar contract made by the town with a predecessor of the company (and assumed by the company under Sp. St. 1915, c. 243, Section 9, see footnote 3, infra) was considered in Salisbury v. Salisbury Water Supply Co. 279 Mass. 204, 206-207. The predecessor company, Artesian Water Company, had agreed to extend its main (p. 205) "at such points as may be requested by the [t]own . . . where the total receipts of the extension from water takers and from the [t]own for . . . hydrants so put in shall afford to the [c]ompany six per cent. on the cost of laying and maintaining such additional pipes." The contract was for twenty years. In March, 1929, the town instructed (pp. 205-206) "the selectmen to require . . . [a particular] extension . . . and made an appropriation to cover its share of the cost," which as determined by the department of public utilities required a total annual gross income to be guaranteed in excess of the appropriation. The town sought specific performance of the contract after certain citizens had made application to the department to require the extension. This court held (p. 208) that, since

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the department had taken jurisdiction of the application (see G. L. c. 164, Section 92, and c. 165, Section 2), the Superior Court's jurisdiction of the bill in equity was "ousted." In discussing the contract (p. 207), however, the court said, "The town had authority to make a valid contract for a supply of water for fire protection and town purposes . . . and, at least after the recognition of the contract by Spec. St. 1915, c. 243 [Note 3] [the company's original charter], for supply for domestic and other uses by its inhabitants as individuals."

Special St. 1915, c. 243, Section 5, then provided that the company "may make such contracts with the . . . town . . . or with any individual or corporation, to supply water for the extinguishment of fires or for other purposes as may be agreed upon . . . and may contract with said town, or with any individual or corporation, relative to the same" (emphasis supplied). With inconsequential changes, but with no indication (see 1935 Sen. Docs. 517, 542) of any substantive change in this grant of power to make contracts, Section 5 was reenacted by St. 1935, c. 357. [Note 4]

In the light of the earlier Salisbury case ( 279 Mass. 204, 207) we interpret the town's implied (if not express) authority to make contracts under Section 5 of the amended 1915 statute as being at least as broad as to include contracts similar to the old contract recognized by Section 9 of the 1915 act. There is no indication in the statute that the scope of the contracts contemplated by Section 5 was to be any narrower than that of the contract specifically referred to in Section 9 and referred to as valid in the earlier case. The 1915 and 1935 statutes are specific legislation consistent with, but not dependent upon, more general legislative grants to towns of power to make contracts. See G. L. c. 40, Section 38, as amended

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through St. 1941, c. 465, Section 1. See also c. 40, Section 4 (as amended, from time to time during the period of the contracts here discussed); c. 41, Section 21 (as amended through St. 1953, c. 101, Section 2). See as to the power of towns to make appropriations for the purpose of obtaining water, G. L. c. 40, Section 5, esp. cl. (5A), inserted by St. 1938, c. 172, Section 1. A more explicit grant of authority to a town to make contracts with a water company was discussed in Oak Bluffs v. Cottage City Water Co. 235 Mass. 18, 21. See Smith v. Dedham, 144 Mass. 177, 179-180. See also White v. Treasurer of Wayland, 273 Mass. 468, 471. The town, of course, could not itself have directly supplied the area served by the extensions with water from any source other than that of the company while the company continued to serve the town. See G. L. c. 40, Section 39A (as amended through St. 1941, c. 465, Section 2).

The town contends that the contracts were invalid because of G. L. c. 44, Section 31, as amended through St. 1955, c. 259. [Note 5] The pertinent provisions of Section 31 were in effect even prior to 1915, when the contract considered in the earlier Salisbury case was made, and before 1929 when the incidents considered in that case took place. The contract considered in Oak Bluffs v. Cottage City Water Co. 235 Mass. 18, 20, was made before St. 1913, c. 719, Section 16 (see footnote 5, supra). In neither decision is there suggestion that the validity of such a contract was in any degree affected by Section 31. Such town contracts to induce local public utilities to provide facilities for services to be furnished to the town and its inhabitants, where the services are to be paid for in

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part by the town currently from year to year, at least since Smith v. Dedham, 144 Mass. 177, may be regarded as within the express or implied contracting powers of towns. In Smith v. Dedham (at p. 180) it was stated that "the town . . . could legally make provision for a supply of water to the town for fire purposes. Having this power, the first fifteen sections of the Pub. Sts. c. 29 [relating to town indebtedness], would not exempt it from its liability to pay debts contracted for the supply of water to the town . . .. The contract which the selectmen are authorized to make is one which we assume is for a sum of money to be paid annually, among the other current expenses of the town. The payments are to be made out of the moneys annually granted by the town and raised by taxation. It is, in effect, a cash transaction, where the payments are made pari passu with the accumulation of the yearly service which determines the amount to be paid." See Walla Walla v. Walla Walla Water Co. 172 U.S. 1, 20; McQuillin, Municipal Corporations (3d ed.) Sections 39.63, 39.64, 41.37, 41.38; Annotation 103 A. L. R. 1160. Cf. G. M. Bryne Co. v. Barnstable, 286 Mass. 544, 552-554. It may be that a town could obtain, directly or indirectly, some such extensions of utility service, as in the earlier Salisbury case, by application to the department of public utilities under G. L. c. 164, Section 92; c. 165, Section 2, as amended. Nevertheless, some new territories might be so potentially unproductive as to make it uncertain whether the department would order an extension, except upon terms and at prohibitive rates. In such cases there may be strong practical reasons for a town to make such a contract. It would probably be difficult for a town to negotiate a contract for this type of utility extension unless it were to run for a period of years. Many of the same practical reasons for holding that such contracts do not create debts within statutory town debt limitations would lead to treating them as not invalid under Section 31, in the absence of a statute showing a clear legislative intention that they should not be made.

It would have been possible for the Legislature at some

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time to have inserted in G. L. c. 40, Section 4, an express provision authorizing towns to make contracts with water companies for a stated number of years as was done by St. 1946, c. 358, Section 1, with respect to contracts for "lighting public highways and public grounds." As to this the Joint Committee on Municipal Finance said, see 1946 House Doc. 1590, p. 7, "Examining chapter 40 of the General Laws we find that section 4 enumerates the purposes for which a town . . . may contract. . . . [T]owns have been for years entering into contracts for street lighting with privately operated electric companies for periods running up to ten years, and the practice has become so common that no one has ever seemed to question the authority of a . . . town to do it. From the viewpoint of a . . . town such contracts are desirable. The private company which provides this service should be guaranteed a return over a period of years in order to justify the investment necessitated by the service. The [c]ommittee, therefore, recommends that section 4 . . . be amended by adding thereto the following: For lighting public highways and public grounds for a period not exceeding ten years." That there is in Section 4, in addition to the general language at the beginning of the section, no specific authorization of contracts with water companies for a term of years does not indicate to us that no power exists to make such contracts. In the absence of any explicit later legislative prohibition of such contracts, we view them as recognized in Smith v. Dedham, and in the earlier Salisbury case as within town authority. [Note 6]

The auditor states that it was "agreed by the parties . . . that after the initial vote authorizing a particular installation and the appropriations contained therein [usually for one year's estimated payment under the contract], . . . at each annual town meeting subsequent to the installation . . . a sufficient appropriation was made to pay the plaintiff under the terms of each contract. This procedure

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was followed each year through 1957." There is no requirement under such a contract that the whole expense, for all the years in which service is to be provided by the company, be appropriated at the inception of the contract. See Clarke v. Fall River, 219 Mass. 580, 585-586; Wilson v. Brouder, 291 Mass. 389, 393. See also Smith v. Dedham, 144 Mass. 177, 180; Marble v. Clinton, 298 Mass. 87, 88-89.

If the town is now dissatisfied with the terms of the contracts, it may have various remedies (as, for example, seeking an upward revision of the rates charged by the company to its customers, so as to reduce the amount to be paid to the company by the town) under the general provisions of the statutes providing for the regulation of water companies. See e.g. G. L. c. 165, Section 2, and sections of c. 164, especially Section 93, incorporated in c. 165 by reference; Sp. St. 1915, c. 243, Section 10. With these remedies, we are not now concerned.

There is no merit to the town's contention that the votes of the town did not give the selectmen authority to enter into these contracts. Nothing in the contracts has been shown to have exceeded the general authority given to the selectmen by a long series of votes in each of the years 1949, 1950, 1952, 1953, 1954, 1955. The votes were sufficient. They are not to be construed with technical strictness and every presumption is to be made in their favor. See Caires v. Building Commr. of Hingham, 323 Mass. 589, 597.

Other contentions argued by the town in its brief have been considered. They are without merit.

Exceptions overruled.