EARL P. HUNTOON, JR. vs. CITY OF QUINCY (and a companion case [Note 1]).

KIRK, J. These are two actions of contract brought, respectively, by Earl P. Huntoon, Jr. (Huntoon) and Dante DiBona (DiBona) to recover salaries allegedly owed but not paid to them by the city of Quincy (the city) subsequent to October 16, 1960. Each case was submitted on stipulated facts. The judge correctly treated each as a case stated. Rogers v. Attorney Gen. 347 Mass. 126, 130. Judgements were ordered for the city. The plaintiffs [Note 2] appealed.

In October, 1960, the plaintiffs held permanent appointments in the police department of the city. Huntoon was a sergeant. DiBona was a patrolman. Their employment was at all times subject to G. L. c. 31. On October 15, 1960, complaints were issued by the District Court of East Norfolk charging each plaintiff with receiving stolen property. On October 17, 1960, the chief of police of the city orally notified each plaintiff that he had been suspended from his

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duties. On the same day each plaintiff was served with a letter from the mayor, the appointing authority, notifying him that he had been charged with "conduct unbecoming an officer in receiving stolen property," and that a hearing would be held before the mayor on October 26, 1960, for each to show cause why he should not be discharged. Accompanying each letter was a copy of G. L. c. 31, Sections 43 and 45. Section 46A was not included.

On October 26, 1960, each plaintiff appeared, represented by counsel, and requested a continuance of the hearing on the ground that it was unfair to require the plaintiffs to contest the charges while the criminal complaints were still pending. The continuances were granted. The hearings have not been resumed.

In January, 1961, several indictments against each plaintiff were returned by the grand jury of the county. On March 9, 1961, DiBona was found guilty of larceny from a building. He pleaded guilty to several other indictments which included charges of receiving stolen property, larceny, breaking and entering, and possession of burglarious instruments. On the same day Huntoon was found guilty on one indictment which charged larceny of goods of less than $100 in value. Each plaintiff was sentenced to jail for one year, commencing March 9, 1961.

On April 8, 1961, while DiBona was still in jail, he submitted a letter of resignation to the police department to be effective immediately. He has not received any salary since October 16, 1960. No claim is made or could be made that DiBona is entitled to compensation after April 8, 1961, the date of his resignation. It is agreed that DiBona's earnings between October 16, 1960 (the last day for which he was paid), and March 9, 1961 (the date of his conviction), would amount to $2,077.58, and between October 16, 1960, and April 8, 1961 (the date of his resignation), would amount to $2,546.18.

Additional facts relating to Huntoon, although relevant to and part of the case stated, are set out in the footnote since they are not determinative in light of our disposition

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of the case. [Note 3] It is agreed that Huntoon's earnings between October 16, 1960 (the last day for which he was paid), and March 9, 1961 (the date of his conviction), would amount to $2,402.18, and between October 16, 1960, and June 9, 1961 (the date of his discharge by the mayor), would amount to $3,992.08.

With the foregoing facts in mind we consider the plaintiffs' contention that they are now entitled in these actions of contract to recover compensation after October 16, 1960.

Under the statute the plaintiffs, when suspended or discharged, were entitled to a hearing before the appointing authority to determine whether there was just cause for that action. G. L. c. 31, Section 43 (a), [Note 4] (e). Following the decision of the appointing authority, they are entitled to a determination by the Civil Service Commission, after hearing, whether the action of the appointing authority is justified. G. L. c. 31, Section 43 (b), (e). Thereafter judicial review

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of the decision of the commission is available. G. L. c. 31, Sections 43 (d), 45. If denied the above remedies, they may by mandamus obtain reinstatement. G. L. c. 31, Section 46A. The plaintiffs should have been apprised of the above rights in the notices of suspension by the chief of police and the discharges by the mayor. G. L. c. 31, Section 43 (a), (e).

The purported suspensions of the plaintiffs on October 17, 1960, orally communicated to them by the chief of police, failed to comply with the statutory requirements of G. L. c. 31, Section 43 (a) or (e). Neither plaintiff was given written notice of the reasons for the suspension, neither was given a hearing or apprised of his right to request a hearing, and neither was given a copy of the statutory sections outlining his rights to a hearing and review. Thus, the suspensions were without effect and each plaintiff may recover in his action such damages as are proved to be the result of the breach of his contract of employment. Ransom v. Boston, 192 Mass. 299, 307. Tucker v. Boston, 223 Mass. 478. Henderson v. Mayor of Medford, 320 Mass. 663, 668. There being no evidence of what the plaintiffs earned or could have earned during the period in mitigation of the damages (see McKenna v. Commissioner of Mental Health, 347 Mass. 674, 677) the plaintiffs are entitled to recover the salary each would have earned from October 17, 1960, to, but not including, October 26, 1960.

The plaintiffs' right to their salaries after October 26, 1960, however, stands on a different ground. The discharge hearings which were commenced on that date were continued at the plaintiffs' requests and have not yet been resumed. The plaintiffs now assert that the notices given them on October 17, 1960, were defective in two particulars later to be discussed, that they did not waive these defects and that they have not been effectively discharged and therefore are entitled to their salaries from and after October 26, 1960. We do not agree.

The plaintiffs' right to compensation depends upon whether they now could be discharged effective October 26, 1960. Inherent in the plaintiffs' arguments is their assumption that a decision to discharge made after a hearing

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may become effective only on or after the date the decision is made. The assumption is neither required by the terms of the statute nor necessary to protect the plaintiffs' rights.

The statute (G. L. c. 31, Section 43) does not address itself to the time when a discharge may become effective. It requires that "[b]efore any action affecting employment or compensation . . . is taken" the employee be given written notice of the reasons for the contemplated action and a hearing upon those reasons. In a case where, as here, the hearings were continued at the request of and for the benefit of the employees, the date of the commencement of the hearings may be made the effective date of discharge if and when the decision to discharge is finally made. See Duggan v. Third District Court of E. Middlesex, 298 Mass. 274, 276-277.

The practical necessity for our interpretation is demonstrated by the cases before us. Important among the many duties of police officers, for the protection of the public, are the prevention and detection of crime and the apprehension of criminals. When a police officer is formally charged with participation in criminal activities, his capability of performing his responsibilities to the public is gravely challenged. An entity of government cannot permit him to exercise his powers as a police officer until the doubt raised by the challenge is dispelled. The interests of the officer concerned and of the civil service require that the issue be speedily resolved. When the resolution of the doubt is delayed solely for the convenience and at the request of the officer concerned, he cannot justifiably assert that the city should compensate him for services it could not use during the period of the requested continuance.

Our interpretation is supported by the pattern of G. L. c. 31, Sections 43, 45, and 46A. Short periods for review are provided. That the final adjudication of the rights and obligations of employer and employee should be expeditiously accomplished is made plain. The statute is designed on the one hand to minimize the period during which the public agency must pay compensation for services which it cannot use and, on the other hand, to accelerate the vindication

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of the employee and his restoration to duty, if he is so entitled.

The plaintiffs may recover compensation in these actions of contract for a period after October 26, 1960, only if they show that their employment continued after that date. No such showing has been made here. And it is impossible to make such a determination in the present posture of these controversies. That determination must be made by the appointing authority upon completion of the hearings, which still stand continued at the plaintiffs' requests. [Note 5] Thus, unless it be shown that the appointing authority has prejudiced the plaintiffs' rights by failing to follow the procedures of G. L. c. 31, Section 43, and thereby has made the plaintiffs' rights to hearing and review unavailable, this action is premature. A premature action in contract may not be maintained. Poresky v. Wood, 248 Mass. 464, 465.

What we have said does not prejudice the plaintiffs in any way. If they are not discharged after hearing or are discharged improperly, they are entitled to recover their salaries for the period during which they were available for work. Tucker v. Boston, 223 Mass. 478. If, after the plaintiffs so request, the appointing authority without justification refuses to reconvene the hearings within a reasonable time, the plaintiffs are entitled to recover their salaries in actions of contract on the ground that the refusal to reconvene the hearings constitutes denial of those hearings. See Lowry v. Commissioner of Agriculture, 302 Mass. 111, 117-119. If they are discharged and it is found on review that the discharges were not justified, they will be returned to their offices without loss of compensation. G. L. c. 31, Sections 43 (b), 45.

The plaintiffs assert, however, that they may maintain these actions of contract because the requirements of G. L. c. 31, Section 43, were not complied with. Particularly, they complain that the notice of hearing given each of them was defective in two particulars.

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First, they allege that the notices of hearing, charging each of them with "conduct unbecoming an officer in receiving stolen property," lacked the specificity required by G. L. c. 31, Section 43 (a). That section requires that "the employee . . . be given a written statement of the specific reason or reasons for the contemplated action . . .." We need not decide whether the reasons for the proposed discharges were stated with sufficient specificity. Cf. Nevins v. Board of Pub. Welfare of Everett, 301 Mass. 502. The failure of the plaintiffs to object that the reasons given in the notice were not specific and the fact that they based their requests for continuances on the ground that it was unfair to make them contest the charges while the criminal complaints charging them with receiving stolen property were pending indicated an awareness of the nature of the charges against them and constituted a waiver of any objection they might have had to the specificity of the charges. Mayor of Medford v. Judge of First Dist. Court of E. Middlesex, 249 Mass. 465. Beaumont v. Director of Hosps. & Superintendent of the Boston City Hosp. 338 Mass. 25, 26. At the hearings, the plaintiffs did not refuse, as they could have refused, to go forward because they were not adequately informed of the charges against them. Henderson v. Mayor of Medford, 320 Mass. 663. They chose to ask for continuances on stated grounds. The continuances were granted.

Second, the plaintiffs contend that the failure to include G. L. c. 31, Section 46A, was a defect in each notice. The defect was one of form and was waived by the plaintiffs' asking for the continuances without objecting to this defect. Further, the plaitiffs were not prejudiced by the failure to include a copy of Section 46A which deals only with the remedy by mandamus. From what we have said above it is apparent that the plaintiffs had available remedies under G. L. c. 31, Sections 43, 45. This being true, the remedy by mandamus was not then available. McLaughlin v. Mayor of Cambridge, 253 Mass. 193, 199. Nevins v. Board of Pub. Welfare of Everett, 301 Mass. 502, 504. Iannelle v. Fire Commr. of Boston, 331 Mass. 250, 253. Thus, the defects in the notices

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of hearing to the plaintiffs were not prejudicial and were waived by them. "The design of the civil service law is to free competent and upright public servants from arbitrary removal but not by the requirement of insubstantial formalities to shield the inefficient or unworthy from being separated from the public service." Whitney v. Judge of the Dist. Court of No. Berkshire, 271 Mass. 448, 461. It follows that the right of each to a hearing has not been prejudiced, and these actions of contract are premature and may not be maintained in so far as they relate to the period commencing October 26, 1960.

We do not decide whether the plaintiffs have waived their rights to their salaries for the period beginning October 26, 1960, by failing to seek to have the hearings reconvened after their trials on the criminal charges. See Phillips v. Boston, 150 Mass. 491; Branche v. Fitchburg, 306 Mass. 613; Bell v. Treasurer of Cambridge, 310 Mass. 484.

The orders for judgments are reversed. The cases are remanded to the Superior Court for a determination of the salary due each plaintiff from October 17, 1960, to October 25, 1960, inclusive.

So ordered.