RUTH N. MAHONEY, executrix, vs. HERBERT F. BERNSTEIN.

WHITTEMORE, J. This proceeding on writ of error was reserved by the single justice on the pleadings, the return and his findings. The petition asks that there be vacated a judgment entered in the Superior Court on August 31, 1965, "nunc pro tunc as of November 25, 1963," in the tort action of Mahoney v. Bernstein, No. 47940. The petitioner learned of the entry about November 15, 1965, when a trial list, then issued, omitted case No. 47940. The petitioner had no remedy by writ of review under G. L. c. 250, Section 22, as more than a year had elapsed and the judgment was not entered "in . . . [her] absence" within the meaning of the statute. Reubens v. Boston Fed. Sav. & Loan Assn. 342 Mass. 483, 486.

The petitioner contends that the circumstances in respect of the entry of the nonsuit on which the judgment entered, and the events following, make the case like Bennett v. Powell, 284 Mass. 246, and entitle her to the extraordinary relief of a writ of error.

On October 17, 1963, the defendant, under Rule 36 of the Superior Court (1954), applied for a nonsuit for failure of the plaintiff to answer interrogatories and the clerk sent to the plaintiff a notice of the nonsuit and that it would be removed if answers were filed within thirty days. The defendant was at that time in default for failure to file answers to the plaintiff's interrogatories and for that reason the clerk, without action by the court, by mail notified the plaintiff on October 18 to disregard the notice and, on

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October 21, that the plaintiff "is not at the present time in non-suit." The clerk at some time cancelled by an ink cross the October 17, 1963, filing stamp on the application for a nonsuit. The defendant's answers to interrogatories were filed on October 23, 1963, and on that day the defendant renewed his request for a nonsuit and the clerk thereupon restamped the defendant's application for a nonsuit as then filed. There is no docket entry in respect of the "non-suit" of October 17 or the notices of October 18 and October 21. There is a docket entry reading, "Application to non suit on interrogs. Oct. 23/63. Non suit on interrogs., 30 days Oct. 23/63. notice sent." The plaintiff's attorney received no notice in respect of the October 23, 1963, nonsuit. No notice of nonsuit was sent other than the notice of October 17.

In November and December, 1963, and in February, May and July, 1964, there were in the case various interlocutory proceedings, initiated by the plaintiff's attorney, which caused the attorneys for both parties to meet in court or to confer and led to formal and informal action in respect of the case by the defendant's attorney. [Note 1]

On the court record and under usual rules the petitioner would not be entitled to relief. The entry of judgment "nunc pro tunc" served only to put on the record what had happened by automatic action on November 25, 1963. Higgins v. First Natl. Stores, Inc. 340 Mass. 618, 620. The "entry" of judgment was not dependent upon notice being sent. Rule 36 of the Superior Court (1954). Home Owners'

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Loan Corp. v. Sweeney, 309 Mass. 26, 29 (duty to give notice under Rule 74 is duty of a public officer; "[s]o far as concerns the rights of the parties the rule is directory"). See Sweeney v. Morey & Co. Inc. 279 Mass. 495, 500-501. Thus even if the record showing that notice was sent could be disregarded (MacEachern v. S. S. White Dental Mfg. Co. 304 Mass. 419, 420), the judgment would stand. None of the interlocutory action after October 23, 1963, concerned the nonsuit. See Cohen v. Industrial Bank & Trust Co. 274 Mass. 498; Holmes v. Fitchburg & Leominster St. Ry. 347 Mass. 313, 317-318.

The Bennett case, however, supports the giving of relief in extraordinary circumstances to avoid "a plain miscarriage of justice." In that case both counsel had agreed that a motion to nonsuit the plaintiff might go off the list and the clerk was so informed. By error of the clerk an entry of nonsuit was nevertheless made and the case went to judgment. The court held that in the circumstances there was no obligation on either party to examine the clerk's record; there was no neglect of the plaintiff or his counsel and the plaintiff had the right to rely on the ordinary course of legal procedure tending toward a trial on the merits; the rule that the record may not be contradicted did not bar the plaintiff's proving that the record was not binding on him.

In the instant case, of course, the defendant's attorney knew when acting in October, 1963, that under the rule nonsuit would enter and the case would go to judgment in thirty days. His later action in interlocutory matters as though the case had not gone to judgment was, however, entirely consistent with his not recalling what had happened and overlooking such indications thereof as may have been in his files. It may not be inferred that he intentionally misled the attorney for the plaintiff. But his interlocutory appearances and action in respect of the case without stating to the attorney that the case was not pending undoubtedly confirmed to the plaintiff's attorney the conclusion that he drew from the absence of notice under the rule, that no application for a nonsuit had been made subsequent to October

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18 notwithstanding the filing of the defendant's answers. It was a significant contributing cause to the loss of the opportunity to bring, within one year, a writ of review. Notwithstanding the obligation of attorneys to keep themselves informed as to the state of their cases (Moskow v. Murphy, 310 Mass. 249, 255), the demands of a busy practice are such that attorneys tend to rely upon the statutory notices and the absence of such notices. This is not without justification. In Hendrick v. West Roxbury Coop. Bank, 325 Mass. 671, 674, we said "While it is true that ordinarily it is the duty of parties to look after their cases and to ascertain what steps are taken in their disposition (Rosenbush v. Westchester Fire Ins. Co. 227 Mass. 41, 43-44), statutes and rules of court sometimes, as here [notice of default], mitigate the rigors of that principle. See Sweeney v. Morey & Co. Inc. 279 Mass. 495, 500-501."

The only party other than the plaintiff substantively concerned with maintaining the judgment is the defendant. We think that in the circumstances it would be a miscarriage of justice to give the defendant the benefit of the nonsuit judgment. In view of the interlocutory proceedings in which the defendant's attorney participated the plaintiff's attorney had an excuse for not examining the docket to ascertain whether because of action of which he had no notice in fact the plaintiff was out of court.

The defendant relies on cases requiring a showing of a meritorious case for the vacating of judgments or the issuance of writs of review. This however is a proceeding on writ of error.

The writ may not stay or supersede the execution unless the petitioner gives a bond under G. L. c. 250, Section 6. Subject to meeting this requirement, judgment is to enter setting aside the judgment of November 25, 1963.

So ordered.