IN THE MATTER OF VINCENT.

NOLAN, J. In this case, we are asked to determine the breadth of authority of a judge sitting in the juvenile session of a District Court when acting in the case of a child found to be in need of services under G. L. c. 119, Sections 39E-39J

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(1988 ed.). Specifically, we are faced with the question whether a Juvenile Court judge may hold such a child in contempt of court for failure to comply with the court's order.

The child was first introduced to the judicial system on May 2, 1989, when he was determined to be a "child in need of services" (CHINS) under G. L. c. 119, Section 39E, for his wilful and persistent failure to attend school. [Note 1] The child, although described as "extremely bright," tended to stay up late at night and to sleep during school hours. The District Court judge, sitting in the juvenile session, imposed the following order on the child: that he attend school every day; that he report to a probation officer twice a week; that he attend family counseling; and that he abide by a 7:30 P.M. curfew. On issuing this order, the judge warned the child that, if he failed to obey, he would be sent to the Department of Youth Services (DYS).

On October 10, 1989, the child appeared in court once again, [Note 2] this time at the instigation of the probation officer, who reported that the child had not been attending school. The judge once again ordered the child to go to school, set a 9 P.M. bedtime, prohibited the child from watching television, and threatened him with commitment to DYS. A petition for contempt of court was filed on that date.

The hearing on the petition for contempt took place on October 31, 1989. The probation officer testified that the child

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had missed four days of school since October 10, 1989, and had missed one of two or three previous appointments with the Department of Social Services (DSS) counselor. The probation officer also stated that the child had complied with all other aspects of the order and had a "good attitude" toward her. The judge found the child in contempt of court for failure to comply fully with his order, and continued the case to December 19, 1989, for disposition.

Between October 31 and December, 1989, the child continued to meet with his probation officer, complied with the court-ordered curfew and bedtime restriction and attended meetings with the social worker. According to a report filed by his social worker, "[s]chool attendance still is the major issue in this case." The social worker concurred with the recommendation of home-based education which had been made by Dr. Jonathan Miller, the psychologist to whom the child had been referred by DSS. [Note 3] Dr. Miller, who filed his report on December 18, 1989, had been treating the child and the mother since May of 1989. The social worker then referred the child to Dr. J. C. Michael Shea, a physician with the North Essex Community Mental Health Centers, for evaluation as to appropriateness of home-based education.

Dr. Shea filed his report on January 4, 1990. He strongly advised against committing the child to DYS. [Note 4] Dr. Shea stated that the child's failure to attend school could be related to depression. He specifically noted that, since DYS has no schooling, a commitment would defeat the whole purpose of the judge's order. In short, Dr. Shea recommended home education for the remainder of the school year.

On January 9, 1990, the child appeared before another District Court judge on the disposition for contempt. At that

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time, a representative from DSS informed the judge that DSS was arranging home tutoring and recommended that the child not be removed from his mother. The case was continued for one month.

On January 30, 1990, DSS informed the judge that the child had complied with all of the other orders given but was still not attending school. DSS also told the judge of the opinions of Drs. Shea and Miller and stated that it was arranging for home-based education. The DSS representative also informed the judge that the reason the child was not attending school was due to an emotional problem or mental block. The judge then sentenced the child to DYS for thirty days, or to be released as soon as he signed an agreement promising that he would attend school.

On January 31, 1990, a single justice of this court stayed the commitment until February 8, 1990. On February 7, 1990, another single justice continued the stay until further order of the court. On May 30, 1990, the single justice reserved and reported to the full court the following questions for determination:

"1. May the juvenile session of the district court department, acting in the case of a child found to be in need of services pursuant to G. L. c. 119, Sections 39E-J, adjudge the child in contempt of court for failure to comply with its orders and commit the child to the Department of Youth Services?

"2. If the answer to question number 1 is `yes,' did the juvenile session of the District Court properly adjudge the child in the instant case to be in contempt of court?"

It is well settled that a court has the inherent power to impose sanctions for contempt of its orders. Doe v. Commonwealth, 396 Mass. 421, 422 (1985). However, that principle assumes the validity of the underlying order. Therefore, the threshold question is whether the Juvenile Court judge's order that the child attend school was valid. The child contends that the order was an injunction issued directly against the child and therefore unauthorized under G. L. c. 119, Section 39G. He further maintains that the only orders authorized by the

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statute are orders as to custody. In addition, the child contends, the judge may make such orders subject to conditions and limitations such as attendance at school. We agree.

We determine that the judge's order was a direct order to the child to attend school which was invalid under c. 119, Section 39G. The order was invalid because it was not an order of disposition on which custody was conditioned as authorized by the statute. Section 39G, reads in pertinent part: "Upon making [the adjudication that a child is in need of services, the court] . . . may make any of the following orders of disposition: (a) subject to any conditions and limitations the court may prescribe, including provision for medical . . . educational . . . services, permit the child to remain with his parents" (emphasis added). [Note 5] Under the statute, a judge may permit a child to stay in parental custody, subject to certain limitations prescribed by the court, such as school attendance. In addition, the CHINS statute authorizes the judge to order that the child be placed in the custody of certain enumerated individuals, subject to conditions, as well as in the custody of the DSS.

Nowhere does the statute authorize a judge directly to order a child to attend school or to abide by other conditions

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the judge imposes except as a condition of custody. In this case, the judge did not make the orders for school attendance, curfew, and counseling, conditions of allowing the child to stay in the custody of his mother as required under the statute. The judge's order was a direct order, not a condition of custody, and thus was invalid. [Note 6] Since the underlying order was invalid, any use of the contempt power for failure to obey the order was therefore unwarranted.

As to reported question number one, our answer is limited to the situation discussed above, where a judge issues an "attend school" order. Given this qualification, we answer the question, "No." We do not reach question number two. The case is remanded to the Supreme Judicial Court for the county of Suffolk where an order shall enter setting aside the order that held the child in contempt and committed him to the Department of Youth Services for thirty days.

So ordered.