MARIA TAVANO vs. CITY OF WORCESTER.

DONAHUE, J. The plaintiff fell while rightfully on a wooden loading platform located in a public street and used by persons boarding or alighting from street cars. A judge of the Superior Court, who heard the case on the report of an auditor, made under a rule which provided that the auditor's findings of fact should be final, ordered judgment for the defendant on the report. The plaintiff appealed from that order. It was agreed by the parties that the defendant had the duty of maintaining the platform in a reasonably safe condition for travellers and that proper notice of the alleged defect was given to the defendant.

The auditor did not find, and apparently on the evidence was unable to find, the precise place on the platform where the plaintiff fell. The platform was sixty feet long and seven feet wide. The auditor found that it showed signs of wear, that there were some nails protruding above the surface, the extent of the projection not being found, that the surface of the boards was water-soaked and slippery, that in several instances one board was raised above an adjacent board, the difference in the level of adjacent boards sometimes varying from zero to one inch and in one instance amounting to two inches. The location of these described conditions on the platform was not in the report identified with reference to the spot where the plaintiff fell. The auditor found that "these were defects in the platform capable of causing the plaintiff's injury" and that "Otherwise, in a general way, the platform was in good repair." There is no finding which purports to describe the actual condition of the platform at the point where the plaintiff fell. It does not appear whether the plaintiff tripped or slipped. The cause of the fall was not specifically found. As to this the only finding is that "either the slipperiness of the boards or the irregularities of the surface, or the presence of some protruding nails interfered with the plaintiff's walking and caused her to fall." This is not a finding that the three conditions stated or any two of them in combination or any particular one of them caused the plaintiff's injury; it merely expresses the con-

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clusion that one of those conditions, which one the auditor was unable to determine, caused the fall of the plaintiff.

The auditor found for the plaintiff and assessed her damages. He did not specifically find that all or any of the three conditions, one of which caused her fall, amounted to defects. If we assume that he made such a finding by reason of the general finding for the plaintiff and his finding that the conditions recited in his general description of the platform were "defects . . . capable of causing the plaintiff's injury," still the plaintiff cannot recover. The city was under no obligation to furnish a perfect platform and fulfilled its statutory duty if the platform was reasonably safe and convenient for travel. The mere existence of a defect in a highway which is capable of causing injury to a traveller does not impose liability upon a city. Such liability is not established in a case founded on the highway statute unless it is proven that a defect existed which caused injury to the plaintiff (Kingsbury v. Dedham, 13 Allen 186, 190; Witham v. Boston, 262 Mass. 291), and unless it is also proven that the defect was of such a character that by the exercise of the required care and diligence the city would have known of the defect and should have remedied it. G. L. (Ter. Ed.) c. 84, s. 15. Stone v. Boston, 280 Mass. 31, 34. If we should assume that there was in the platform at the place where the plaintiff fell a defect capable of causing injury to her and that such defect did in fact cause her injury, the facts found by the auditor do not warrant a finding for the plaintiff.

If it should be assumed that the plaintiff fell because she tripped over a board in the platform which was higher than an adjacent board, or over a protruding nail, there is nothing in the auditor's report to indicate the extent of any such projection so that it could be determined whether the character of the defect was such as to make the city liable under the statute. So far as regards a difference in level of adjacent boards, for all the report shows, it might have amounted only to so small a fraction of an inch that it could not be found to be such a defect as would furnish the basis for holding the city liable. There is no finding at all

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as to the extent to which any nail protruded (see Boudreau v. Springfield, 257 Mass. 105; Cataldo v. Boston, 263 Mass. 330). The surface of the platform generally was water-soaked and slippery as the result of rain. The use of wood as the material of which the platform was constructed cannot be held unsafe or unreasonable even though some slipperiness following rainfalls is an incident to such use. See Cannon v. Brookline, 256 Mass. 468. The construction of the platform was not such as to collect water at any one place. There was no finding as to when the rain fell which resulted in a slippery surface on the platform, nor that there was any other condition at the spot where the plaintiff slipped, if she did slip, which contributed with the rain to cause slipperiness. The mere fact that the surface of the platform had become slippery through rain, in the circumstances here appearing, does not warrant the finding that a defect thereby existed which was of such a character as to make the defendant liable. Spillane v. Fitchburg, 177 Mass. 87. Newton v. Worcester, 174 Mass. 181. Stanton v. Springfield, 12 Allen 566. Compare Cromarty v. Boston, 127 Mass. 329; Kelleher v. Newburyport, 227 Mass. 462.

Order for Judgment affirmed.