NANTUCKET EXPRESS LINES, INC. & others vs. WOODS HOLE, MARTHA'S VINEYARD AND NANTUCKET STEAMSHIP AUTHORITY.
A denial of a petition for leave to file a bill of review, although not embodied in a decree, was in substance a decree and was so treated by this court. [174]
A corporation owned and controlled by a party to certain litigation was, in the circumstances, a privy of his with respect to the application of the doctrine of res judicata in subsequent litigation to which he and the corporation were parties. [175]
A decree entered by consent on a bill of review based on a change in the applicable law subsequent to the decree reviewed barred under the doctrine of res judicata a later proceeding between the same parties or their privies seeking a renew of the same decree on the basis of the same change in the law. [175-176]
PETITION for leave to file a bill of review, filed in the Superior Court on January 20, 1965.
The petition was denied by Dewing, J.
Roger F. Turner for the petitioners.
Laurence S. Fordham for the respondent.
SPALDING, J. In July, 1959, a final decree was entered in the Superior Court in a suit brought by the New Bedford, Woods Hole, Martha's Vineyard and Nantucket Steamship Authority (the Authority) against Nantucket Express Lines, Inc., Island Steamship Lines, Inc., Island Service Co., Joseph T. Gelinas and Carl A. Dahlberg. That decree enjoined the five defendants (petitioners here) and their officers, servants and agents from operating the vessel "Martha's Vineyard" between the mainland of the Commonwealth and Nantucket, so long as any bonds issued by the Authority pursuant to St. 1948, c. 544, remained unpaid.
Page 174
In January, 1965, three of the defendants [Note 1] in the 1959 suit petitioned for leave to file a bill to review the decree entered in that suit. Leave was denied and the petitioners have appealed. [Note 2]
The 1959 decree was entered in accordance with St. 1948, c. 544, Section 6, which provided in part: "While any bonds issued by the Authority remain unpaid, no person shall operate a vessel of more than one hundred tons gross tonnage to carry by water passengers or freight between the mainland of the commonwealth and the islands of Martha's Vineyard and Nantucket, and the Authority shall be entitled to receive injunctive relief against such operation." By St. 1960, c. 701, the Authority was abolished, the Woods Hole, Martha's Vineyard and Nantucket Steamship Authority (the new Authority) was created, and the new Authority was vested with all the assets of the Authority and assumed all its indebtedness and liabilities. Section 5 of c. 701 provided that "no person shall operate a vessel of more than one hundred gross tons for the carriage of passengers, vehicles or freight for hire by water between the mainland of the Commonwealth and the island of Martha's Vineyard or the island of Nantucket or between said islands unless licensed or permitted in writing so to do by the [new] Authority. The superior court shall have jurisdiction, on a petition in equity by the [new] Authority, to enjoin any such operation."
The bill of review which the petitioners sought leave to file in the present proceeding asserted that St. 1960, c. 701, was new matter arising after the entry of the decree in 1959 and requiring the vacating of the decree. A bill of review is the appropriate proceeding by which to seek reversal or modification of a final decree in equity by reason of new matter arising after the entry of the decree. Boston & Maine R.R. v. Greenfield, 253 Mass. 391, 397. Brooks v.
Page 175
National Shawmut Bank, 323 Mass. 677, 684. A change in the applicable law may be such new matter. Sawyer v. Davis, 136 Mass. 239, 246-247.
Thus, if there were no more to the case than this, we would have to consider whether the changes in the governing law made by St. 1960, c. 701, require any changes in the 1959 decree. That question, however, need not be answered since a reconsideration of the 1959 decree is barred by a prior adjudication in a proceeding between the same parties or their privies involving the same issues.
In May, 1962, Nantucket Express Lines, Inc. and Joseph T. Gelinas petitioned for leave to file a bill to review the 1959 decree. [Note 3] The 1962 bill of review set forth the abolition of the Authority by St. 1960, c. 701, and the creation of the new Authority. It concluded: "[A]s a result of said new matters and occurrences arising after the entry of . . . [the 1959 decree] the issues set forth in the . . . original petition . . . in equity have become moot, and . . . it would be inequitable and constitute a hardship upon your petitioners unless . . . [the 1959 decree] be vacated." A final decree was entered in the 1962 bill of review proceeding modifying the 1959 final decree in respects not here relevant.
Thus, in 1962 the new matter now relied upon by the petitioners was in existence. It was then relied upon as the basis for seeking review of the 1959 decree. A final decree was entered in the 1962 proceeding and the petitioners are bound by that adjudication "as to every issue that in fact was or in law might have been litigated." Cleaveland v. Malden Sav. Bank, 291 Mass. 295, 298. Willett v. Webster, 337 Mass. 98, 102. All that the petitioners seek to accomplish
Page 176
by the present proceeding might have been litigated under the 1962 bill of review. That the decree was entered by consent does not make it any less conclusive. C. A. Briggs Co. v. National Wafer Co. 215 Mass. 100, 109. Fishman v. Alberts, 321 Mass. 280, 281 A final decree entered in a bill of review is as much an adjudication for the purposes of the doctrine of res judicata as is any other final decree. See Restatement: Judgments, Section 112, comment i. See also Gordinier's Appeal, 89 Pa. 528; Frauenthal's Appeal, 100 Pa. 290, 295-296.
Decree dismissing petition affirmed
with costs of appeal.
FOOTNOTES
[Note 1] Island Service Co. and Carl A. Dahlberg did not join in the petition.
[Note 2] Although the denial was not embodied in a decree, it was in substance a decree and will be so treated. See Bressler v. Averbuck, 322 Mass. 139, 143, and cases cited.
[Note 3] Island Steamship Lines, Inc. was not a party to the 1962 bill of review. At all relevant times, however, it was owned and controlled by Gelinas. Thus, it is "so identified in interest with a party to former litigation that . . . [it] represents precisely the same legal right in respect to the subject matter involved," Jefferson Sch. of Social Science v. Subversive Activities Control Bd. 331 F. 2d 76, 83 (Ct. App. D. C.), and the doctrine of res judicata applies to it as a privy of a party to the former litigation. See Hart Steel Co. v. Railroad Supply Co. 244 U.S. 294, 298; Keystone Mining Co. v. Gray 120 F. 2d 1, 6-7 (3d Cir.).