JOSEPH D. COGLIANO & others [Note 1] vs. ELIZABETH C. LYMAN & others. [Note 2]

KAPLAN, J. This was a suit in the Land Court commenced pursuant to G. L. c. 240, Sections 10A-10C, by the petitioners, owners of land burdened by a restrictive covenant,

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to be relieved of the restriction in accordance with the provisions of G. L. c. 184, Section 30. Named as respondents were the owners of certain abutting land, one of whom was the granfor who imposed the restriction and from whom the petitioners derive their titles. After conducting a trial, without a jury, on pleadings which need not be particularly described, [Note 3] and after taking a view of the locus, a judge of the Land Court entered a final decree dismissing the petition. The petitioners filed their appeal in the Appeals Court, whence it was transferred to this court under G. L. c. 211A, Section 10 (A). We find no reason to disturb the result.

We are assisted by the careful findings, rulings, and order for decree by the trial judge, of which the facts found were adopted by the judge as his report of material facts. The testimony and exhibits at trial, available to us in a transcript, amply support the judge's findings. We do no more than restate them as far as needed to consider the appeal.

In 1956 the respondent Elizabeth C. Lyman was the owner of the land, now southerly of Route 128, marked with her name on the appended "Decision Plan," as well as the land opposite, now northerly of Route 128, comprising the parcels numbered 2, 3, 4, and 5. The entire property, lying in Canton, Massachusetts, was zoned as Single Residence District A. Route 128 was being relocated at the time to pass between the two portions of the Lyman property. This was the occasion or reason for the conveyance to be described.

In January, 1956, Mrs. Lyman conveyed the land comprising the parcels mentioned, lying northerly of Route 128, some twelve acres in all, to the brothers Joseph C. Cogliano and Frank C. Cogliano, as tenants in common. The deed, signed by the parties, contained the following restriction: "Each of the Grantees covenants for himself and his heirs, executors, administrators, successors and assigns that for thirty (30) years from the date of recording

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of this deed the premises herein conveyed shall be used only in accordance with the Zoning By-Laws of the Town of Canton presently in force and applicable to said premises, regardless of any changes in said By-Laws which may hereafter be made." [Note 4] The deed was delivered on the express understanding, contained in a letter of counsel, "[t]hat the Coglianos are buying this property for the purpose of using it as a nursery and a site for not more than two houses, and with no present intention of using it for any other purpose," and the further express understanding that the Coglianos would sell an acre at the corner of Green Street and old Route 128 (parcel 5) to Paul F. Nocka and Violet Nocka subject to the same restriction. The Nockas were already owners of parcel 1 on which stood the old colonial house called the General Crane House.

Mrs. Lyman's purpose in the transaction, as found by the judge below, was "to preserve the residential character of the neighborhood and to protect the General Crane House occupied by the respondents Nockas."

As had been agreed, the brothers Joseph and Frank conveyed parcel 5 to the Nockas in a deed signed by the parties. [Note 5] They conveyed parcel 3 (30,000 square feet) to Frank C. and Grace J. Cogliano, husband and wife, and, later, parcel 2 (55,240 square feet) to Joseph D. and Eleanor E. Cogliano, husband and wife, and a residence was built on each of these parcels. The brothers deeded the remainder of the land conveyed to them by Mrs. Lyman, that is, parcel 4, to themselves and Rose Cogliano as trustees of the Royall Trust. The Coglianos maintain a tree and plant nursery on parcel 4 and "have prospered

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in the nursery business at its location," which is a favorable one for the purpose, and have bought other land to supplement the operation.

Over the years to the time of trial the Lyman, Cogliano, and Nocka properties have remained in the condition contemplated by the 1956 transaction. External developments affecting the locus have been as follows. The traffic on Route 128 has increased, reaching a level of about 93,180 vehicles a day. [Note 6] Some industrial building has occurred in the area easterly of the Coglianos and the Nockas and northerly of Route 128, zoned as a Limited Industrial District. First, in 1957, Instron Corporation constructed a 55,000 square foot building, near the Route 128-Route 138 interchange, for the manufacture of electronic components; this is not visible from the Coglianos' or the Nockas' property. Second, in 1969 Boston Envelope Company built a 163,000 square foot building with parking facilities for 300 cars adjacent to the nursery; the building is visible from the Coglianos' property and parcel 5, but not from the Nockas' house which is shielded by a hill rising between it and the building. [Note 7] Third, around the time of trial in 1973 Boston Mutual Life Insurance Company was building a four story, 130,000 square foot building in the area between the other two industrial buildings. Apparently this would be visible as just indicated for the Boston Envelope building. [Note 8] The last development to be mentioned

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is that the area comprising the five parcels has been zoned, more restrictively than before, as Single Residence AA: this calls for a minimum area of 45,000 square feet with 200 feet lot width, as compared with 30,000 square feet and 150 feet, respectively, for the A classification. A nursery is permitted in either classification.

The judge ruled on familiar principles, which are not challenged, that Mrs. Lyman as grantor was a proper party to enforce the restriction against those who took from the Cogliano brothers, but that the Nockas were not so positioned because there was no "common scheme." [Note 9] The latter ruling we do not review, as no appeal or argument on this point is before us. Reaching the merits, the judge applied the several criteria of G. L. c. 184, Section 30, and concluded that adequate reason had not been shown why the restriction should give way.

The case taken as a whole presented a not unfamiliar problem. Had the neighborhood deteriorated or changed its character to such an extent, from the time the restriction was laid on to the time of trial, that enforcing the restriction according to its terms would be merely quixotic -- failing to serve the grantor's original purpose and impeding present desirable and feasible uses? Examples of this sort are pictured in McArthur v. Hood Rubber Co., 221 Mass. 372 (1915), and Jackson v. Stevenson, 156 Mass. 496 (1892); and see the discussion in Blakeley v. Gorin, 365 Mass. 590, 603-607 (1974) (under G. L. c. 184, Section 30). Or was the neighborhood still maintaining its essential character, although against some odds, with the restriction serving, as it was intended to serve, to reduce those odds or prevent their getting longer? See Canty v. Donovan, 361 Mass. 879 (1972) (under G. L. c. 184, Section 30);

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Walker v. Sanderson, 348 Mass. 409 (1965) (same); [Note 10] Allen v. Massachusetts Bonding & Ins. Co., 248 Mass. 378 (1924); Harrod v. Rigelhaupt, 1 Mass. App. Ct. 376 (1973) (under G. L. c. 184, Section 30). Cf. Maider v. Dover, 1 Mass. App. Ct. 683 (1974). We agree that the latter formulation more nearly fits the situation at bar. Particularly instructive in this regard was the fact that the zoning limitations on the area of the five parcels had not been slackened but tightened. The judge found, incidentally, that (apart from the deed restriction) "the possibility of the Coglianos obtaining a variance is too remote and speculative to be given any serious consideration." [Note 11]

The general appreciation of the facts helps to answer the questions calling for responses under G. L. c. 184, Section 30 (the pertinent text is reproduced in the margin). [Note 12] In the light

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of Mrs. Lyman's purpose in imposing the restriction, there was no error in the conclusion that at time of trial the restriction was of "actual and substantial benefit" to her. [Note 13] Even where such benefit exists, Section 30 would deny specific enforcement of a restriction if any one of five listed conditions exists. Condition (1) did not obtain, as the changes that have occurred did not reduce materially the need for the restriction or the likelihood of its accomplishing its original purpose. As the judge remarked: "There is more need for this restriction now than when it was imposed." As to condition (2), there was no conduct of Mrs. Lyman making specific enforcement of the restriction inequitable (see n.8). Condition (3) was not applicable. With regard to condition (4), the area was suitable for a nursery which indeed contributed to maintaining the residential character of the place; and continuation of the restriction was not calculated to impair the growth of the neighborhood in a manner inconsistent with the public interest: here witness the rezoning from A to AA. There was no "other reason" rendering enforcement inequitable or not in the public interest (condition [5]). This case had the unusual feature that it was the original grantor who confronted

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the original grantees (although they held under conveyances following the original conveyance). By the decree under review the Coglianos were asked to do no more than live up to covenants they voluntarily undertook and which figured to reduce the price they paid for the land. On this land they were living and doing a profitable business. There was no stringency existing or in immediate prospect that would make continuance of the current restriction unfair to them. And there was a public interest in keeping the locus residential even though some industrial uses were allowed nearby.

Decree affirmed.